1. Special Diets Vegetarian and Medical Diets

2. Vegetarian Diets  Lacto Vegetarian Includes milk products No meat  Vegan No animal products. Only fruit, vegetables, legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds.  Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian Includes dairy and egg products No meat

3. Vegetarian Diets  Reasons Ecological Reasons Health Reasons Animal Rights Issues Religious Beliefs  Benefits Lower rates of cancer, heart disease, blood pressure, diabetes, gallstones, and kidney stones.

4. Vegetarian Diets  Concerns Shortages of Vitamin D and B12, Calcium, Iron, and Zinc are common. Watch Protein.  Sources: Grains, Vegetables, Beans, Nuts, Seeds  SOY (Tofu)

5. Medical Diets  Diabetes The body’s lack of or inability to use the hormone insulin to maintain normal blood glucose (sugar) levels.  Nutrition Eat regularly scheduled meals. Eat a variety of foods. Monitor carbohydrate and fat intake. Choose adequate sources of fiber. Maintain a healthy body weight.

6. Medical Diets  High Blood Cholesterol Above average amounts of cholesterol in the bloodstream, which is a risk factor for heart disease.  Nutrition Moderate total fat intake (limit saturated and trans fats) Choose monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats when needed. Choose sources of fiber in the diet.

7. Medical Diets  Hypertension High blood pressure, which is a risk factor for heart disease.  Nutrition Limit sources of sodium (processed foods, salt, salty snacks). Choose sources of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Moderate fat intake Choose sources of fiber in the diet.

8. Medical Diets  Gastric Reflux Disease Recurrent heartburn caused by stomach acid flowing up into the esophagus.  Nutrition Avoid overeating. Eat small, frequent meals. Drink liquids between meals rather than with meals. Avoid spicy and greasy foods. Avoid laying down after meals (1 hour)

9. How to Evaluate Your Weight… BBody Mass Index (BMI) Used as the medical standard. BMI is defined as weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared. BMI should not be used for children, pregnant or breast-feeding woman, the frail elderly, or bodybuilders.

10. Body Mass Index  Healthy BMI Ranges Goal = BMI of 19 to 25 BMI of 25 to 29.9 = Overweight BMI of 30 and above = Obesity, can lead to current or future health problems.

11. Body Mass Index  Use your math skill or go to web sites such as…  Center of Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/index.htm www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/index.htm