5.  OPIUM  Habit forming narcotic  Made from the poppy plant  Used for centuries as a medicinal pain reliever  TOOK A WHILE, BUT…  BY 1853:  12 MILLION USERS  OPIUM WAR

6.  Increased use of opium caused many issues within China  Socially  Morally  Monetarily  Chinese Emperor wanted the trade stopped  Yes…  it was illegal in Great Britain  British refused to listen  Refused to halt the trade

8.  EXTRATERRITORIAL RIGHTS  Foreigners exempt from Chinese laws  Cede the island of HONG KONG  4 Chinese ports open to trade with Great Britain  Opium trade continues

9.  CAUSE:  OVER POPULATION: 1800 = 300 mil.  1860 = 430 mil. (30% increase)  Famine  GOV’T CORRUPTION  ↑ OPIUM DEPENDENCY  TREATY OF NANJING

10.  Hong Xiuquan  Claimed mythical visions  Wanted to save the world  Beginning with China  Dreamt of a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”  Nirvana/Shangri La

11.  EFFECTS  14 yr. REVOLT  SOME 20 mil. DEAD  DESTRUCTION OF FERTILE LANDS  ↑ famine  MULTI-NATIONAL EFFORT TO SURPRESS REVOLT  Imperial Troops  Local Militias  British  French

12.  CAUSES:  TAIPING REBELLION  EXTERNAL PRESSURE FROM FOREIGN PWRS  INTERNAL DISAGREEMENT  Traditional Ways VS. Modern Reforms

13.  EFFECTS (POSITIVE)  UPDATES  Education  Diplomatic Svc.  Military  NEGATIVE  Too many foreigners in key positions (experts)  Trade Imbalance (resources & machinery)  Lack of popular Chinese support

14.  CAUSES:  OPIUM WAR  TAIPING REBELLION  MIXED RESULTS OF SELF-STRENGTHENING MOVEMENT  VARIOUS ATTACKS UPON CHINA  ↑ INFLUENCE BY FOREIGNERS OVER CHINA  AMERICA’S FEAR OF “AFRICA EFFECT”

16.  CHINA’S DOORS OF TRADE OPEN TO ALL NATIONS  PROTECTION OF AMERICAN TRADE RIGHTS  CHINA FREE FROM COLONIZATION  CHINA REMAINS AT MERCY OF FOREIGN POWERS

17.  CAUSES:  ↑ DISSATISFACTION W/ CHINA’S ↓ IN PROWESS  ATTEMPT AT REFORMS  FORMATION OF SECRET GROUPS  SOCIETY OF HARMONIOUS FISTS  “BOXERS”

18.  EFFECTS  MULTINATIONAL FORCE TO PUT DOWN REBELLION  GB, FR, GER, AUSTR, ITAL, RUS, JAP, U.S.  ↑ NATIONALISM  CHINESE GOV’T BECOMES MORE RESPONSIVE TO POPULATION.  EMMISARIES SENT AROUND THE WORLD TO STUDY DIFFERENT GOVT’S  EDUC, MIL, GOVT, TRADE, ETC.