1. Refugees: Forced Migration Unit 2 Migration APHG Copeland

2. Forced Migration: migrants without a choice… What separates refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced people? UN definitions Refugee-A person who has well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political group. This is recognized by other countries. Asylum-seekers-unofficial refugee that has applied for asylum, but has yet to be recognized by asylum country. Internally Displaced Person-forcibly uprooted and displaced within their own country. UN reports 43.3 million displaced persons worldwide. 15.2 million International Refugees encamped in other countries 1.7 million asylum-seekers 26.4 million IDPs (abandoned homes but not their homeland) Is this accurate?

3. It is difficult to identify refugees. UN must distinguish between refugees and voluntary migrants before granting asylum. Three general characteristics, individual or aggregate (collectively): Most refugees move without any more tangible property than they can carry or transport with them. Most refugees make their first “step” on foot, by bicycle, wagon, or open boat. Refugees move without the official documents that accompany channeled migrations.

4. Regions of Dislocation in the Past Sub-Saharan Africa Several of the world’s largest refugee crises plagued Africa during the 1990s and early 21 st century -8 million “official” refugees Civil wars in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Angola, and Sudan Hostilities between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes in Rwanda

5. Regions of Dislocation in the Past North Africa and Southwest Asia Israel and the displaced Arab populations that surround it Exhibits qualities that are likely to generate additional refugee flow in the future The Kurdish population following the Gulf War (1991) Taliban rule in Afghanistan Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion during the 1980s

6. Regions of Dislocation in the Past South Asia Pakistan accommodated forced emigrants from Afghanistan Major refugee problem stems from a civil war in Sri Lanka

7. Regions of Dislocation in the Past Southeast Asia “Boat people” who fled communist rule in Vietnam In the early 1990s, Cambodia generated the region’s largest refugee flow Today--largest number of refugees come from Myanmar (Burma)

8. Regions of Dislocation in the Past Europe After the collapse of Yugoslavia, over 1 million were displaced South America Colombian illegal drug violence, especially in rural areas Colombian illegal drug violence, especially in rural areas

9. Present Regions of Dislocation (Refugees) The other 5.1 million Palestinian refugees are registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). During the year, conflict and persecution forced an average of 42,500 persons per day to leave their homes and seek protection elsewhere, either within the borders of their countries or in other countries. Developing countries host over 86% of the world’s refugees, compared to 70% ten years ago. In 2014, the country hosting the largest number of refugees was Turkey, with 1.59 million refugees. By the end of 2014, Syria had become the world’s top source country of refugees, overtaking Afghanistan, which had held this position for more than three decades. Today, on average, almost one out of every four refugees is Syrian, with 95 per cent located in surrounding countries. Last year, 51% of refugees were under 18 years old. This is the highest figure for child refugees in more than a decade. An estimated 13.9 million people were newly displaced due to conflict or persecution, including2.9 million new refugees. By the end of 2014 the number of people assisted or protected by UNHCR (UN High Commissioner for Refugees) had reached a record high of 46.7 million people. Asylum-seekers-someone who says they are a refugee, but whose claim has not been evaluated. Russia has the highest number of asylum seekers in the world with 274,700 applications received. Last year, 2014, we witnessed the highest number of worldwide applications with 1.7 million.

10. Internally Displaced Persons -about 38.2 million people were forcibly uprooted people and displaced within their own country and are known as internally displaced people (IDPs) Democratic Republic of the Congo-FDLR(Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda) and ADF (Allied Democratic Forces of Uganda) are fighting now in the Democratic Rep. of the Congo. Estimates are now around 2.8 million IDPs from the North to the South. Approximately 7.6 million Syrians and 3.6 million Iraqis are considered IDPs due to the violence brought about by ISIS. Central African Republic-438,000 IDPs Afghanistan-805,000 IDPs South Sudan-1.5 million IDPs