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Published byFranklin Ferguson Modified over 7 years ago
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Politics in the Gilded Age
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Reformers Identify Problems Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives”
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Other Critics Lincoln Steffens “The Shame of Cities” 1904 Gathered examples of government corruption into one book. Had run previously in McClure’s magazine
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Tammany Hall Name for democratic party HQ in NY Party machine—patronage—largely Irish William Marcy “Boss” Tweed
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Graft the acquisition of gain (as money) in dishonest or questionable ways; also : illegal or unfair gain George Plunkett (another Boss): “There’s nothing wrong with a little honest graft.”
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Nast-y Thomas Nast—Political Cartoonist Harper’s Weekly Frequently targeted Tweed and others…
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I don't care a straw for your newspaper articles, my constituents don't know how to read, but they can't help seeing them damned pictures. Boss Tweed Boss Tweed
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Other Nast Credits
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Social Reform Why need it? 9% of population controlled 71% of the wealth 1 in 10 lived in slums
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Gospel of Wealth Carnegie Fortunate few deserve the extra $ $ will trickle down to the masses eventually Education and culture benefits Libraries and Carnegie Hall are proof!
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State boards of charity Some states organized charities to meet needs of people Riis photographs—empty jails house homeless
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Social Gospel Movement Active Christianity Women with college degrees Creation of settlement houses Skills, education, recreation Hull House in Chicago—Jane Addams Catholic Church follows as well
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Corruption at the National Level Product of Jackson’s Spoils System Patronage New York Customs House—collects tariff
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Rutherford B. Hayes Couldn’t convince Congress to pass reform
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Stalwarts vs. Half-breeds Republican Party election 1880— James Garfield (no position on reform) as P and Chet Arthur (Stalwart) as VP Garfield assassinated by Charles Guiteau
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Reform! Arthur turns to reform Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 Jobs on merit not pay 10% 40% by 1900
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Tariff Question Merit system forced politicians to find new sources of $--business 1884 D Cleveland wants to lower the tariff—Congress won’t support 1888 Harrison wins (with business backing) and McKinley tariff is highest ever 1892 Cleveland gets passage of lower tariff (Wilson- Gorman)—comes with income tax, refuses to sign— Income tax later found unconstitutional 1897 William McKinley president and tariff increased again
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