1. Fall of Ancient Latin America Civilizations

2. Color or shade where the three Latin American civilizations were located and capitals .
Aztec capital: Tenochtitlan
Inca capital: Cuzco
Make sure to include a key!

3. Maya Civilization Located in Central America Lived in dense jungles
From 1600 BC to 1517 AD
Made up of City-states- Tikal, Chichen Itza, Copan, Mayapan some of the capitals

4. Aztec Civilization Located in Mexico
Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) was capital city
1400’s to 1519
Mighty warriors- all men expected to fight
Conquered people were made to pay tribute in gold, precious metals, and people to sacrifice to please their gods

5. Inca Civilization Located in South America in the Andes Mountains
1400 to 1531 AD
Cuzco was capital city
Included conquered people into empire
Mit’a: Every male peasant under Inca control had to do unpaid work for Inca government for a specified period of time each year which allowed them to build all those roads and temples

6. All Economy based on agriculture (farming)
Polytheistic- believed in many gods
- Human scarifies

7. European Exploration in Latin America
Began in the late 1400’s when countries began looking for a new trade route to Asia and lasted into the 1700’s
Portugal and Spain two countries that had biggest effect in Latin America- French and Dutch also colonized land in the region
Columbian Exchange: the transfer of animals, plants, food, culture, technology, and diseases between the Old World and New World.
Conquistador : explorers and soldiers from the Spanish Empire or Portuguese Empire

8. Advantages for the Aztecs/ Incas
Familiar with the land/ geography
Greater food supply
Larger number of soldiers
Could rely on citizens to produce food, train soldiers, make weapons

9. Advantages of Conquistadors
Superior technology and equipment
Alliances with conquered people
Helped fight with conquistadors
Had a common enemy.
Diseases: smallpox brought to the Americas killed many of the natives
For Inca’s: Civil War going on among the Natives

11. Hernando Cortes
Conquered the Aztecs in and claimed Mexico for Spain.
Montezuma II was the Aztecs leader at the time
Arrived with 11 ships and 500 men
Was believed to be a God
Made alliances

12. Francisco Pizarro Conquered the Incas in 1532.
Able to gain Native American allies
Captured leader, Atahualpa and demanded a ransom for the rulers release
Incas paid it in gold, but Atahualpa was killed anyway

13. Destruction of Native’s Culture

14. Spanish Use of Slave Labor
Encomienda system: Indian slave labor used for agriculture and to extract precious metals and other resources.

15. Punishment in the encomienda system was usually harsh, involving whippings and floggings, brandings or other forms of physical discipline.

16. Another example of harsh punishment for severe crimes like stealing, murder, or runaways.

17. European diseases kill many Native Americans so African slaves imported to the New World.