1. Conquest in the Americas
Section 15-1 pp

2. Preview Questions
What were the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans?
How did Spanish conquistadors conquer the Aztec and Incan empires?
Why were the Spanish victorious?

3. First Encounters in the Americas
Meeting the Tainos
Tainos = Natives of West Indies
Treated harshly by Spanish Conquistadors
Lost their land
Forced into labor system (encomienda)
Forced to pay tributes of gold
Forced to convert to Christianity
Exposed to disease
At first, Columbus established friendly relations with the native Taino people of the West Indies
Villages disappeared as native population declined by 90% during the 1500s

4. Reasons for Victory Superior Military Technology
Horses
Muskets and cannons
Armor
Divisions Among Indians
Capitalize on rivalries
Disease
Weakened native populations

5. Cortes Conquers Mexico
Hernan Cortes
Landed in Mexico in 1519
Visited Tenochtitlan
Formed alliances with emperor’s enemies
Fall of Tenochtitlan
Moctezuma dies while fighting Spanish
Spanish capture the city in 1521

7. The Capture of Atahualpa
Pizarro Takes Peru
Pizarro in Peru
Arrives in Peru after a civil war
Uses native allies to capture ruler
Conquers Peru, Ecuador, Chile
The Capture of Atahualpa

8. Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas
Section 15-2 pp

9. Preview Questions How did Spain rule its empire in the Americas?
What were the chief features of colonial society and culture?
How did Portugal and other European nations challenge Spanish power?

10. Ruling the Spanish Empire
Maintaining Control
Council of the Indies: passed laws for colonies
Viceroys: ruled each province
Catholic Church
Often held political power
Worked to baptize Native Americans
Missionaries often forcibly imposed culture

11. Ruling the Spanish Empire
The Economy
Forbidden from trading with other Europeans
Exported gold, silver, sugarcane
Encomiendas
Right to demand labor or tribute from natives
Used to run plantations

12. Ruling the Spanish Empire
Bartolome de las Casas
Priests who opposed the encomiendas system
Encomienda ended in 1542
Natives become peons
Increased use of African slaves

14. Challenging Spanish Power
Spain’s wealth from New World caused resentment
Smugglers ignored trade restrictions
Privateers preyed on treasure ships