1. WORLD WAR ONE THE AFTERMATH

2. Allies of World War I Population (millions) Military deathsCivilian deathsTotal deaths Deaths as % of population Military wounded Australia bAustralia b 4.561,928 1.38%152,171 Canada dCanada d 7.264,9442,00066,9440.93%149,732 Indian EmpireIndian Empire g g 315.174,187 0.02%69,214 New Zealand lNew Zealand l 1.118,050 1.64%41,317 Dominion of Newfoundland 0.21,204 0.6%2,314 South AfricaSouth Africa r r 6.09,463 0.16%12,029 United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland s s 45.4885,138109,000994,1382.19%1,663,435 Sub-total for British Imperial Forces -1,114,914111,0001,225,914-2,090,212 Belgium cBelgium c 7.458,63762,000120,6371.63%44,686 FranceFrance e e 39.61,397,800300,0001,697,8004.29%4,266,000 GreeceGreece f f 4.826,000150,000176,0003.67%21,000 ItalyItaly h h 35.6651,000589,0001,240,0003.48%953,886 Empire of Japan iEmpire of Japan i 53.6415 0%907 Luxembourg jLuxembourg j 0.3See footnote MontenegroMontenegro k k 0.53,000 0.6%10,000 Portugal nPortugal n 6.07,22282,00089,2221.49%13,751 RomaniaRomania o o 7.5250,000430,000680,0009.07%120,000 Russian Empire pRussian Empire p 175.11,811,0001,500,0003,311,0001.89%4,950,000 Kingdom of Serbia qKingdom of Serbia q 4.5275,000450,000725,00016.11%133,148 United States tUnited States t 92.0116,708757117,4650.13%205,690 Total (Entente Powers)806.05,711,6963,674,7579,386,4531.19%12,809,280

3. Central Powers Population (millions) Military deaths Civilian deaths Total deaths Deaths as % of population Military wounded Austria- Hungary uAustria- Hungary u 51.41,100,000467,0001,567,0003.05%3,620,000 BulgariaBulgaria v v 5.587,500100,000187,5003.41%152,390 German Empire wGerman Empire w 64.92,050,897426,0002,476,8973.82%4,247,143 Ottoman Empire xOttoman Empire x 21.3771,8442,150,0002,921,84413.72%400,000 Total (Central Powers) 143.14,010,2413,143,0007,153,2415%8,419,533 Neutral nations Norway zNorway z 2.41,892 0.08% Sweden zSweden z 5.6-877 0.02% Grand total960.09,721,9376,821,24816,543,1851.75%21,228,813

4. Canadian Soldiers  It took months to get the soldiers home (caused resentment and anger)  Many returned with horrible injuries and could not work  Others returned with crippling emotional damage (some never re-adjusted to regular life)  Many felt disillusioned; they thought they had been lied to or that they fought for nothing  There was anger over the amount of money some business owners made from the war (war profiteering)  However, Canada did introduce of generous pension plan to assist veterans

5. Industry  Many economic problems came to Canada after the war  Dozens of factories closed down and thousands of people were put out of work  Women were often fired to make room for returning soldiers  Wages were drastically reduced

6. The Spanish Flu  A new form of the influenza (flu) virus hit the world in 1918  Named “The Spanish Flu” because of the lack of military censorship in Spain, other countries hid the flu’s true impact  Around the world, the flu killed almost 21 million people  Some researches believe that 40 million people died (adding 20 million from India)  In Canada, the flu killed almost as many as the entire war

7. Workers in Canada  Many soldiers felt “empowered” after the war and wanted better rights and wages  The success of the Russian Revolution and the ideas of communism also inspired many low paid workers  Labor Unions began to form across Canada  Wealthy Canadians became paranoid about the threat of communist revolt (THE RED SCARE)

8. What is Communism?  Communism is a political philosophy that states that private property and personal wealth are harmful to people  It also states that all power in society should belong to “workers” (proletariat) and that violent revolution should be used to overthrow the rich (bourgeoisies)  Finally, communism is about complete equality between people (from each according to their ability to each according to their need)

9. Why was communism such a threat?  The wealthy and powerful within Canada were terrified of communism  A communist revolution would mean the loss of their property and power; perhaps even death  In reality, Communism also features nationwide poverty, mass executions and a complete lack of personal freedom

10. The Winnipeg General Strike 1919  In Winnipeg, over 35,000 workers went on strike, shutting down the entire city  The strike lasted for almost 2 months before the government stepped in  The government used soldiers and police to beat, shoot and kill protesters  The strike was completely crushed  During the years after the war, many strikes and labor movements were crushed in a similar way

11. Key Points  The Spanish Flu killed thousands in Canada and millions around the world  Soldiers came back from the war feeling angry and wanting better rights  Canada experienced economic problems right after WWI  The RED SCARE is a fear of communist revolution  The Winnipeg General Strike crushed by the government