1. Bar Graph

2. A graph used to show specific values for independent variables, such as color or type.

3. Line Graph

4. A graph to show both independent and dependent variables such as distance over time.

5. Scientific Method State your purpose, what is the big question? Conduct research about the question. Form a hypothesis or guess the answer to your question. Conduct an experiment. Analyze the results from your experiment. Draw a conclusion, was your hypothesis correct?

6. Scientific Method Purpose Research Hypothesis Experiment Analysis Conclusion

7. Stimulus Anything that is part of the environment that causes a reaction from an organism.

8. Stimulus Anything that evokes a response, noise, touch, smell, or sensation. One of the 8 characteristics of life, all living things respond to stimulus.

9. Homeostasis Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to maintain life.

10. Homeostasis Ability of a living thing to maintain a stable internal environment, or balance One of the eight characteristics of life, all living things maintain homeostasis

11. Adaptation Inherited characteristic that results from changes to a species over time.

12. Adaptation To change or evolve over time. One of the eight characteristics of life, all living things adapt over time.

13. Macromolecule

14. Very large molecules found in cells There are four polymers found in cells – Proteins are made of amino acid – Carbohydrates are made of simple sugars – Lipids are made of fatty acid – Nucleic Acids are made of nucleotides

15. Polymer

16. Poly- meaning many A polymer is a molecule with several molecules linked together in a long chain Like a train

17. Monomer

18. One single molecule in a Polymer chain.

19. Nucleotide

20. Name given to the monomer (smaller part) of Nucleic Acid

21. Activation Energy

22. Energy needed to start a chemical reaction

23. Catalyst

24. Chemical that starts a chemical reaction

25. Enzyme

26. Place where chemical reactions happen

27. Cell Theory 1. 2. 3.

28. Cell Theory Three parts – 1 All living things are built of cells – 2 Cells are the smallest unit of life – 3 All cells come from pre-existing cells

29. Eukaryotic Cell

30. Know three things – 1 Has a nucleus – 2 Has several organelles – 3 Is complex

31. Prokaryotic Cell

32. Know three things – 1 No nucleus – 2 Few or no other organelles – 3 Very simple type of cell – Bacteria

33. Selective Permeability

34. A skin that lets some things pass back and forth into a cell.

35. Phospholipid Bilayer

36. Outer layer of a cell, made of polar heads that repel water, making the cell water proof.

37. Transport Protein

38. The small part of the cell membrane that can open or close to let things in or out of a cell.

39. Mitochondria

40. Power house of the cell Makes the usable NRG needed by the cell.

41. Rough E.R.

42. The highway of the cell Transports material around the cell.

43. Ribosomes Protein

44. Ribosomes Brick yard of the cell Makes protein for the cell

45. Glycolysis

46. Breaking down sugars for cellular respiration

47. Cellular Respiration

48. Breaking down sugars into energy for the cell

49. Photosynthesis

50. How plants make energy from the sun

51. Chloroplast

52. The organelle that takes sunlight and converts it to chemical energy

53. Interphase

54. The cell lives most of its life in this phase The cell increases in size The cell copies its DNA

55. PMAT

56. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Steps of Cellular Division

57. Mitosis

58. Cytokinesis

59. Point a which the one parent cell breaks apart into two daughter cells

60. Homologous Chromosome

61. A pair of matching chromosomes, one given from each of the parents, for a particular trait.

62. Haploid

63. A cell with half the n-number of chromosomes to create an organism

64. Diploid

65. A cell with 2n number of chromosome to create an organism

66. Meiosis Meiosis is the process body cells go through in order to create sex cells (gametes) sperm or egg. Meiosis has two stages Meiosis I and Meiosis II The purpose the two stages is to reduce the number of chromosomes by half, in order to create a gamete (sex cell) which will only pass on half of the parents chromosomes

67. Meiosis

68. Allele A different form of a trait passed on from generation to generation.

69. Allele Yellow Pea

70. Phenotype The observable trait of an allele pair.

71. Phenotype

72. Genotype The non observable trait of an Allele pair.

73. Genotype Yellow Pea

74. Heterozygous An organism with two different alleles for the same trait.

75. Heterozygous Yellow Pea

76. Homozgous An Organism with two of the same alleles for the same trait.

77. Homozygous

78. Codominance A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other. Sickle Cell Disease

79. Codominance

80. Incomplete Dominance When two Homozygous alleles are crossed and they form a Heterozygous off spring

81. Incomplete Dominance RR Rr rr

82. Independent Assortment Alleles for a trait separate randomly when gametes are formed.

83. Independent Assortment

84. Law of Segregation Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.

85. Law of Segregation Alleles