1. Basic Geography & Maps

2. How do the tools of geography help us understand our world? Maps are visual representations of geographic information that help us understand a place or region.

3. Types of Thematic Maps Population density Product Natural Resources Language Climate Physical Political

4. Physical Map

5. Climate Map

6. Natural Resources Map

7. Population Density Map

8. Language Map

9. Products Map

10. World Political Map

11. Map Keys & Legends Map keys or legends explain what the symbols on the maps represent.

12. Map Legend Example

13. Standard ways that maps show information Symbols Color Lines Boundaries Contours Scale

14. Compass Rose A compass rose shows the four cardinal directions (N,S,E,W) and four intermediate directions (NE, SE, NW, SW).

15. Draw Your Own Compass Rose

16. The Continents

17. The Continents Are: North America South America Africa Asia Australia Antarctica Europe

18. The Oceans

19. The Oceans Are: Atlantic Pacific Indian Arctic Southern

20. The Equator The equator divides the earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

21. The Prime Meridian The prime meridian divides the earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

22. Parallels of Latitude Parallels of latitude are imaginary lines that measure distances north or south of the equator.

23. Meridians of Longitude Meridians of longitude are imaginary lines that measure distances east or west of the prime meridian.

24. Global Positioning System (GPS) The GPS system is made up of three parts: satellites orbiting the earth; stations that control and monitor the signals on Earth; GPS receivers owned by users

25. GPS Each GPS receiver then provides three- dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and the time.

27. 1. Location (Where is It?) Absolute: A location can be absolute (specific) as in coordinates of a map using longitude and latitude Relative: A location can be relative - examples: next door, nearby, a short drive, down the road a ways. Or, it can be in the same general location as another location - example: next to the post office.

28. 2. Place A place is an area that is defined by everything in it. All places have features that give them personality and distinguish them from other places. If you refer to your school as a place, then that place would include walls, windows, gym, cafeteria, classrooms, people, clothing, books, maps, mops, brooms, hallways, mice (if you have them) and everything else in the school, including the languages spoken.

29. 3. Region A region is an area that is defined by certain similar characteristics. Those unifying or similar characteristics can be physical, natural, human, or cultural.

30. 4. Movement Movement refers to the way people, products, information and ideas move from one place to another. This can be local such as how did you get to school today, or it can be global such as how did humans get to North America?

31. 5. Human-Environment Interaction Human-environment interaction looks at the relationships between people and their environment; how people adapt to the environment and how they change it.

32. Human-Environment (continued) How do people depend on the environment? (Example: In ancient times, the annual flooding of the Nile River produced good soil for growing crops.) How do people adapt to the environment? (Example: The ancient Egyptians rebuilt their homes each year, after the annual flooding. As time went on, they built their homes above the flood plain.) How do people modify the environment? (Example: The ancient Egyptians built irrigation ditches to help water the crops. In modern times, Egypt built a dam to control the flood waters of the Nile River.)

33. Draw your own examples

34. What are some of the unique physical features of each continent?

35. Africa Sahara Desert Nile River Lake Victoria Congo River Basin

36. Sahara Desert

37. Nile River

38. Lake Victoria

39. Congo River Basin

40. Antarctica Ice covered South Pole

41. Asia Largest continent Arabian Peninsula Himalayas Siberia Gobi Desert

42. Arabian Peninsula

43. Himalayas World’s tallest mountains

44. Siberia Large frozen area of northern Russia

45. Gobi Desert Large desert region of Mongolia & N. China

46. Australia Outback Great Barrier Reef

47. Outback

48. No, the Australian Outback

49. Great Barrier Reef

50. Europe Separated from Asia by Ural Mountains Alps Peninsulas – Italy, Greece, Iberian (Spain & Portugal), Scandinavia

51. Ural Mountains Separate Europe & Asia

52. The Alps Tallest mountains in Europe

53. European Penensulas

54. South America Amazon River Basin Andes Mountains

55. Amazon River Basin

56. Andes Mountains

57. North America We will study in depth all areas of North America except: Greenland

58. World’s largest island Although in North America, it is controlled by Denmark.