2. Leopold’s Rubber Trade in the Congo

3. Berlin Conference Involving 14 European countries Goal to prevent conflict amongst themselves regarding the division of Africa So they established rules for the division Strangely enough, no African leader whatsoever was invited to this meeting

4. Boer War Between the British and the Boers This was the first modern “total” war This was started by an act of British rebellion against the Boers. The Boers didn’t like that, and tried to eradicate and/or contain them…harshly. The British won the war Then the Boer republics were joined into a self-governing union of South Africa, of course controlled by the British

5. Ethiopian Resistance Against Italy Resistance led by Menlik II (1889) He purchased a large amount of advanced modern weapons He thought the treaty he signed with the Italians entailed that he was only giving up a small portion of Ethiopia when in reality, the Italians were taking all of it When the Italians started to advance to northern Italy, Menelik declared war 1896- The Battle of Adowa (ETHIOPIAN VICTORY AND INDEPENDENCE)

6. Crimean War Fought between the Russians and the Ottomans This war was named after a peninsula in the Black Sea in which most of the war actually fought. Russians wanted to gain land of the Black Sea Britain and France joined the war on the Ottomans’ side This was the first war led by a woman

7. Building of Suez Canal

8. Sepoy Mutiny Constant Sepoy rebellion and resistance It spread from Delhi to northern and Central India The British and the Sepoys fought head to head and tried to annihilate each others’ armies. It took over a year for the East India Company to regain control of the country

9. Opium War Resulted from the refusal of Britain to stop exporting opium to China 1839 Most of the battles took place at sea Britain's’ ships were far more advanced than the Chinese’s… thus the defeat of the Chinese 1842- Peace Treaty of Nanjing

10. Monroe Dcotrine, Roosevelt Corollary and the Great White Fleet

11. Spanish American War Of 1898- when America joined the Cuban War for Independence from the Spanish Lasted all of four months The U.S. first attacked the Philippine Islands, who were totally unprepared, thus leading to the collapse of the Spanish Military

12. Annexation of Hawaii Many business leaders pushed for this, this adding of Hawaii to the US, because of the McKinley Tariff Act which got rid of all tariffs on sugar entering the US. This meant that Hawaii’s sugar was no longer cheaper than anyone else’s sugar. So, annexing Hawaii would enable Hawaiian sugar to be sold for a greater profit

13. Purchasing of Alaska

14. Open Door Policy The US were afraid that their long time trading partner, China, would be divided into formal colonies by other nations, thus halting the trade. This policy, proposed by the US, said that China’s “doors” would be open to all trading merchants of all different nations This policy protects America’s trade and China’s freedom from colonization

15. Boxer Rebellion The Boxers, formerly known as the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, were the poor Chinese workers and peasants who really disliked foreigners granted with special privileges, as well as their own people whom had taken on a foreign faith. Their campaign against these things was know as the Boxer Rebellion.

16. Mathew Perry’s Gunboat Diplomacy / Bakumatsu and the Treaty of Kanagawa Japan’s reply to Fillmore asking to allow free trade between the US and Japan Japan opens up two ports accessible to the U.S. But then as soon as the US pushed through, so did other Western powers 1860- China granted foreigners permission to trade at many of the treaty ports