1. Chapter 6

2.  End of 17 th Century saw four wars in Europe  Britain, France, and Spain struggling for control of Europe and North America  American citizens and Native Americans get dragged into them  The Seven Years War/ French and Indian War set the stage for the American Revolution

3. A. French Empire in N. America  France experiencing religious wars in 16 th /17 th Century  After they calm down, they began an empire in N. America  Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec  Not a lot of settlers, mostly French traders, est. trade w/ Indians  Especially interested in Beaver fur  Recruited Indians to help hunt beaver  Indians decimated by disease, beaver decimated  Eventually, French spread to block Spanish power  Create Detroit, Louisiana, New Orleans, and began to crowd English Colonies

4. B. The Clash of Empires  Early fights include:  1) King William’s War and Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) Mostly colonists versus French woodsmen Spain joined in against colonies, but ultimately both failed Peace treaty in 1713 gave Britain Nova Scotia and the Hudson Bay  2) War of Jenkin’s Ear btwn Britain and Spain France also joined in, but in the end lost again Brits and colonists captured Louisbourg, but the peace treaty handed it back to France Outraged colonists

5. C. Washington Inaugurates War with France  French and British Empires clash at Ohio River Valley  French built Fort Duquesne on land wealthy people such as the Washingtosn claimed to own  Washington sent to clear them out, but was defeated  This action begins the Seven Years War / French and Indian War  Britain and Prussia vs. France, Austria, Spain, and Russia  1754 Albany Congress British-summoned intercolonial Congress Purpose was to keep Iroquis loyal to British Unintended purpose was uniting 7 colonies

6. D. The War  Initially went badly for the U.S.  Colonial militia men used Indian tactics (guerilla warfare)  French and Indians handed Washington and the colonies massive defeats (scalpings too)  Things changed when William Pitt put in charge of British military  Pitt’s leadership combined with his choices of young military leaders led to victory after the Battle of Quebec 1759  The Peace treaty at Paris 1763 French gives Canada to Britain French gives ally Spain Louisiana Spain gives Britain Florida  Britain emerged as dominant power

7. E. Restless Colonists  After war, colonists feel militarily confident  Colonists had seen some British defeats (ended myth of Invincibility)  Colonists felt slighted by snobby British commanders  Not all colonies had fought, some had actually traded with French and Spanish  Some colonial unity after the war

8. F. War’s Fateful Aftermath  History of the U.S. began with the fall of Quebec  France eliminated from Western lands, Spain eliminated from Florida  Americans will begin spreading westward  Native American tribes suffer from onslaught of settlers  Also suffered from not being able to play Europeans off on one another  Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa attempted to rebel against British rule  British use of primitive chemical warfare (small pox blankets) helped defeat the uprising

9.  After the rebellion, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763 This act forbade colonists from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains Passed to protect Native American’s land from further settlement Angered Americans settle there anyway  So, stage is set for revolution: Colonists feel more united Colonists want to move west Colonists feel they can fight Britain becoming arrogant after huge victory