1. Roman Vocabulary Group B Second Period Samra B, Chris M, Eamon S, J.P. C, Caitlin M, Caroline S

2. Tribunes Who? Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus are some people who were tribunes. What? Tribunes were people who protected the interests of the plebeians from the more powerful patricians. Where? Rome When? 509-44 BC Why? Tribunes were used because used because plebians were barred from law from holding certain offices in the Roman Republic. This meant the patricians were able to do unfair acts. In order to protect the plebeians from unfair acts, tribunes were used and elected to represent them. Impact/Legacy: Tribunes, such as Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, created many short-term reforms such as limiting the size of estates and giving land to the poor. This helped allow the Republic to stay longer but, the Republic quickly went back to chaos after Tiberius’ and Gais’ violent deaths. Source: Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History, Evanston: USA Today, 2003. Print

3. Senate Who? 300 members chosen from aristocracy for life When? 451 BC to end of Paxromania What? Controls foreign and financial policies, advises consuls Where? Rome, Italy Why? To provide checks and balances for the government, they controlled the supplies for war and money, most powerful. Impact/Legacy: They were able to make sure no one got more power than the other and kept the government together. Source: Roman Senate, wikipedia.org, Web. 2014

4. Consuls Who? Two consuls in the Roman Republic What? Command army and directed the government Where? Ruled in the Roman government When? Started at the beginning of the republic and ended when the first triumvirate began. Why? There would be two consuls to make sure a monarchy would not arise again. Impact/Legacy: Kept each other in check and prevented a monarchy from arising. Source: Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History, Evanston: USA Today, 2003. Print

5. Dictator Who? Julius Caesar- dictator for life What? A leader who has absolute power Where? Roman Republic When? 509-44 BCE Why? To keep thing s under control during a crisis Impact/Legacy: As a result of the dictator system in Rome, Julius Caesar was able to take control and become dictator for life. Source: Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History, Evanston: USA Today, 2003. Print

6. Julius Caesar Who? Caesar, a politician and general of the late Roman Republic, was known for extending the Roman empire before deeming himself Rome's dictator for life. What? He acted as a politician and general of the late Roman Republic and later went on to expand the empire and become dictator for life. He is credited for paving the way for Rome’s imperial system. When? 100-44 BC Where? Rome, Italy Why? He made himself dictator for life because he had already served as consul for one year and was dictator. He conquered so much already and believed he could conquer even more as dictator for life. Example: He was viewed as a good ruler by everyone except the senate. The believed too much power would make him king. Works Cited: Julius Caesar, bbc.co.uk, Web. 2014

7. Hannibal Who? Hannibal was a Carthaginian general who tried to take over Rome and their territory during the Punic Wars. What? Fought for Carthage in Rome during the Punic Wars. When? 247-183 BC Why? His goal was to destroy Rome. He did not but he was able to destroy much of the Italian peninsula. Impact/Legacy: Caused Rome to hate Carthage with a passion resulting in the destruction of Carthage and the Carthaginians. Source: Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History, Evanston: USA Today, 2003. Print

8. Paterfamilia Who? Every Roman family had paterfamilia What ? Males are the head of the household Where? Ancient Rome When? Since the beginning of the Roman Empire Why? To show that women are inferior to men Impact/Legacy: As a result of paterfamilia, women stayed in the background, marrying young, and were only expected to have sons. Source: Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History, Evanston: USA Today, 2003. Print

9. Latifundia Who? Rich landowners/patricians What? Huge agricultural estates When? 150-120 BC Why? Rich patricians wanted a lot of land and the soldiers land was unattended while they were at war so the patricians bought their land Impact/Legacy: Caused plebeians to lose land patricians making them go to the city and create massive unemployment there. Source: Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History, Evanston: USA Today, 2003. Print

10. Second Triumverate Who? Octavian, Marc Antony, Ledipus What? Octavian, Marc Antony, and Ledipus ruled Rome together for 10 years until Octavian retired Where? Rome/Egypt When? 43 BC Why? Because Julius Caesar had died, they decided to take control together Impact/Legacy: Octavian made Ledipus retire and killed Marc Antony. He ruled by himself and started the Paxromania Source: Beck, Roger B., et al. Ancient World History, Evanston: USA Today, 2003. Print