1. Test VIII Chapter 21 Towards Empire (Imperialism) 1867 – 1902 (Stage 1) Read Pg. 611

2. Why Imperialism? With the continent boundaries having been defined, and with populations established, the U.S. used to expanding began to look outward With the continent boundaries having been defined, and with populations established, the U.S. used to expanding began to look outward

3. The Navy A navy was essential for colonization A navy was essential for colonization Post Civil War America had little if any navy power (1880 fewer than 200 vessels of any kind, and only 48 were equipped with guns) Post Civil War America had little if any navy power (1880 fewer than 200 vessels of any kind, and only 48 were equipped with guns) 1883 Congress authorized the building of steel ships for naval use 1883 Congress authorized the building of steel ships for naval use With industrialization in place a new style arms race was beginning world wide With industrialization in place a new style arms race was beginning world wide

4. Colonization of Hawaii 1820 American Christian Missionaries arrive 1820 American Christian Missionaries arrive Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. without duty but denied Hawaii the right to enter into agreements with other nations Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. without duty but denied Hawaii the right to enter into agreements with other nations 1893 a white minority attempted a coup of Queen Liliuokalami and the U.S. sent in Marines to support their effort 1893 a white minority attempted a coup of Queen Liliuokalami and the U.S. sent in Marines to support their effort

5. In 1893 new President Cleveland tried in vain to return the Hawaiian queen to power In 1893 new President Cleveland tried in vain to return the Hawaiian queen to power In 1898 Hawaii was annexed into the U.S. In 1898 Hawaii was annexed into the U.S. See map pg. 619 to view the importance of Hawaii to America See map pg. 619 to view the importance of Hawaii to America By 1899 the U.S. gained control of many of the Samoan Islands By 1899 the U.S. gained control of many of the Samoan Islands

6. Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War established America as a dominant force heading into the 20 th Century The Spanish-American War established America as a dominant force heading into the 20 th Century The U.S. fought aging power Spain for control of Cuba, and the Philippine Islands The U.S. fought aging power Spain for control of Cuba, and the Philippine Islands Made a war hero out of Teddy Roosevelt Made a war hero out of Teddy Roosevelt

7. The war began as a revolution by Cubans against Spanish rule The war began as a revolution by Cubans against Spanish rule Eastern Newspapers owned by Hearst and Pulitzer fanned the flames of war by being pro Cubans in their coverage Eastern Newspapers owned by Hearst and Pulitzer fanned the flames of war by being pro Cubans in their coverage Those papers would also report that the U.S. Maine had been sunk by Spanish forces in 1898 (this sensationalist journalism was brought about by competition) Those papers would also report that the U.S. Maine had been sunk by Spanish forces in 1898 (this sensationalist journalism was brought about by competition)

8. Eager to flex it’s military muscle hundreds of thousands of Americans volunteered to fight (1/4 th were African Americans) Eager to flex it’s military muscle hundreds of thousands of Americans volunteered to fight (1/4 th were African Americans) The fighting in Cuba lasted only about 10 weeks The fighting in Cuba lasted only about 10 weeks At the same time America’s pacific navy crushed Spanish forces in Manila Bay in the Philippines At the same time America’s pacific navy crushed Spanish forces in Manila Bay in the Philippines Guerrilla forces were able to hold out in the Philippines for about 3 years (4300 casualties) Guerrilla forces were able to hold out in the Philippines for about 3 years (4300 casualties)

9. Ruling The Empire Occupation came with a cost of lives and money Occupation came with a cost of lives and money Cuba and Philippines were allowed self rule, while Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and Guam came under American rule during this time Cuba and Philippines were allowed self rule, while Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and Guam came under American rule during this time

10. Change in Attitude This time period reflected a profound change in U.S. foreign relations This time period reflected a profound change in U.S. foreign relations The U.S. went from a defensive minded nation to an offensive mindset The U.S. went from a defensive minded nation to an offensive mindset Presidents McKinley and T. Roosevelt are now remembered as imperialist Presidents McKinley and T. Roosevelt are now remembered as imperialist Our outposts would allow us the ability to be involved around the globe Our outposts would allow us the ability to be involved around the globe

11. Watch Twain Video Watch Twain Video