1. Unit 3 Vocabulary AP World History

2. 1. Absolute monarchy 2. boyars 3. Cossacks 4. criollos 5. devshirme 6. divine right 7. Dutch learning 8. encomienda 9. enlightenment 10. Estates-General 11. Glorious Revolution 12. Hagia Sophia 13. Janissaries 14. Jesuits 15. Manchus 16. mercantilism 17. mestizos 18. Mughal dynasty 19. mulatto 20. nation state 21. parliamentary monarchy 22. peninsulares 23. purdah 24. Qing Dynasty 25. Reconquista 26. repartamiento 27. sovereignty 28. Taj Mahal 29. Tokugawa Shogunate 30. Treaty of Tordesillas 31. viceroyalty 32. Middle Passage 33. triangular trade *A complete definition & number each word

3. Middle Passage The portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of Africans from Africa to the Americas The portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of Africans from Africa to the Americas

4. Encomienda A practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists A practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists

5. Sovereignty Self-rule Self-rule

6. Mulatto In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, a person of mixed African and European descent In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, a person of mixed African and European descent

7. Boyars Russian nobility Russian nobility

8. Jesuits Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534

9. Absolute monarchy Rule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution Rule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution

10. Cossacks Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

11. Criollos A term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents A term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents

12. Devshirme A practice of the Ottoman empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as janissaries

13. Divine right The belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by God The belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by God

14. Dutch learning Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century

15. Enlightenment A philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve humankind and society A philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve humankind and society

16. Estates-General The traditional legislative body of France The traditional legislative body of France

17. Glorious Revolution The bloodless overthrow of English King James I and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne The bloodless overthrow of English King James I and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne

18. Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia, (the Church of) Holy Wisdom, now known as the Ayasofya Museum, was an early Christian Church and later an Eastern Orthodox church which was transformed into a mosque in 1453 by the Turks, and converted into a museum in 1935. It is located in Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, (the Church of) Holy Wisdom, now known as the Ayasofya Museum, was an early Christian Church and later an Eastern Orthodox church which was transformed into a mosque in 1453 by the Turks, and converted into a museum in 1935. It is located in Istanbul, Turkey.

19. Janissaries Members of the Ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands. Members of the Ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands. Their control of artillery and firearms gave them prominence over the aristocratic Turkish cavalry.

20. Manchus Peoples from northeastern Asia who founded China’s Qing dynasty Peoples from northeastern Asia who founded China’s Qing dynasty

21. Mercantilism A European economic policy of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available, and that each country must adopt policies to obtain as much wealth as possible for itself; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies A European economic policy of the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available, and that each country must adopt policies to obtain as much wealth as possible for itself; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies

22. Mestizos In the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and Indian descent In the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and Indian descent

23. Mughal dynasty Rulers who controlled most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Rulers who controlled most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

24. Nation-state A sovereign state whose people share a common culture and national identity A sovereign state whose people share a common culture and national identity

25. Parliamentary monarchy A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament A government with a king or queen whose power is limited by the power of a parliament

26. Peninsulares In the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe In the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe

27. Purdah The Hindu custom of secluding women The Hindu custom of secluding women

28. Qing Dynasty Also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912. The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro. Also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912. The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro.

29. Reconquista (Reconquest) The recapture of Muslim- held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 1492 (Reconquest) The recapture of Muslim- held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 1492

30. Repartamiento In the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided for fair wages In the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided for fair wages

31. Taj Mahal A mausoleum located in Agra, India. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahān commissioned it as a mausoleum for his favorite wife. The Taj Mahal (sometimes called "the Taj") is generally considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements of Persian and Indian. A mausoleum located in Agra, India. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahān commissioned it as a mausoleum for his favorite wife. The Taj Mahal (sometimes called "the Taj") is generally considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements of Persian and Indian.

32. Tokugawa Shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (1603—1868), or Tokugawa bakufu, or Edo bakufu, was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo castle until the Meiji Restoration. The Tokugawa shogunate (1603—1868), or Tokugawa bakufu, or Edo bakufu, was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo castle until the Meiji Restoration.

33. Treaty of Tordesillas A 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and Portugal A 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and Portugal

34. Triangular trade The eighteenth- century trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas The eighteenth- century trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

35. Viceroyalty A political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies A political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies

36. Hanseatic league Organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century Organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century