1.
Review

2. What were the major changes/developments from 1450 – 1750?

3. Major Developments
European discovery of Americas creates a New Global Economy which begins a process of globalization
Atlantic Trade Network (Triangular Trade)
Atlantic Slave Trade
Major Biological Exchanges (Columbian Exchange)
New Empires in Asia, Africa, Europe and Americas
Gunpowder Empires
Colonial administrations
Coercive labor systems
Slave Systems
Rise of Europe
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment

4. What were the major civilizations from 1450-1750?

5. Major Civilizations 1450-1750 The Americas: Aztec, Inca
Africa: Kongo, Benin, Oyo, Dahomey, Ashanti, Songhay
East Asia: Ming, Qing, Tokugawa
South Asia: Mughal

6. What were some of the major continuities from 1450-1750?

7. Continuities
Existing trade routes continued to be important to global exchange
No sweeping global cultural changes during this era
No systematic changes in gender relations
Spread of world religions continued
Ex. Christianity to the Americas

8. What were the major global processes from 1450-1750?

9. Global Processes
Triangular Trade Network (including Atlantic Slave Trade)
Exploration
European Colonization of the Americas
Columbian Exchange

10. Important Dates

11. 1453

12. 1453
Ottomans capture Constantinople

13. 1488

14. 1488
Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

15. 1492

16. 1492
Columbus sails the ocean blue.

17. 1502

18. 1502
African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

19. 1517

20. 1517
Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

21. 1521

22. 1521
Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

23. 1533

24. 1533
Pizarro conquered the Incas.

25. 1571

26. 1571
Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)

27. 1588

28. 1588
British defeat the Spanish Armada

29. 1600

30. 1600
Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate

32.
Thirty Years War

33. 1683

34. 1683
Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

35. 1689

36. Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

37. The Early Modern Era
Review Questions

38. What was the general status of women from1450 – 1750?

39. Women
In most parts of the world, women continue to occupy a secondary status.
In most societies, marriage was primarily an economic arrangement.
In a limited and gradual sense, some parts of Europe began to develop a greater awareness of the injustice of the position women held in society.
Aristocratic women and increasingly middle class women had informal forms of influence over husbands and sons, the education of children, running households and businesses and managing finances.
A handful of monarchs were women.

40. What were the major economic trends in the period 1450-1750?

41. Economic Trends 1450-1750 Rise of a global trade network
Emergence of Europe as a world economic power
Decline in the power of nomadic groups
Inflation as a result of increase in gold and silver
New major trade network (Atlantic)
Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth
New labor systems
Enslavement of Native American and Africans by Europeans
European colonial economies in the Americas heavily dependant on based on slave labor

42. What were the major demographic trends in the period 1450-1750?

43. Demographic Trends 1450-1750 Migration of Europeans to the Americas
Forced migration of Africans to the Americas
Overall global population increase
Largest increases in population were in Europe and Asia

44. What were the major environmental trends in the period 1450-1750?

45. Environmental Trends 1450 – 1750
Transfer of plants, animals and diseases via the Columbian Exchange
Increase agricultural development

46. What were the major cultural and intellectual developments in the period 1450-1750?

47. Cultural and Intellectual Developments 1450 - 1750
European Renaissance
Protestant Reformation
European Enlightenment
Increase in the influence of Neo-Confucianism in China
New art forms in the Mughal Empire in India

48. What were the major land-based powers from 1450 – 1750 ?

49. Land-based Powers 1450 -1750 Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire (Persia/Present-day Iran)
Mughal Empire (India)
Ming and Qing China
Tokugawa Japan
Songhay (Songhai) Empire (western Africa)
Benin

50. What were the major sea-based powers from 1450 – 1750 ?

51. Sea-based Powers 1450 – 1750
Portugal
Spain
France
England

52. What were the reasons for an increase in the population in Europe from 1450 - 1750?

53. Reasons for Rise in European Population
Introduction of potatoes and corn from the “New World”
European agricultural revolution

54. Describe the phases of Europe’s emergence as a world power from 1450-1750.

55. Rise of Europe 1450 - 1750 Before 1400s – Europe is behind
1500s – 1600s – Europe is about even
1700s – Europe is beginning to pass other parts of the world in terms of wealth and technology
1800s – Europe is becoming a dominant economic and military world power and there is an increase in European imperial activity

56. What were the major political developments from 1450 – 1750 ?

57. Political Developments in Europe 1450 - 1750
1st World Wars (ex. 7 Years War)
Rise of Nation-States
New forms of monarchy
Absolute Monarchies
Parliamentary Governments

58. What is divine right?

59. Divine right
Monarch get their right to rule from God; therefore, this right cannot be taken away

60. What is a nation-state?

61. Nation-state
Solid political units with relatively fixed borders, a sense of national unity and mostly homogeneous populations ethnically and linguistically

62. What were the major social developments in Europe from 1450 – 1750 ?

63. Social Developments in Europe 1450 - 1750
Social diversification as a result of the growing importance of nonagricultural occupations
(ex. Banking, commerce, trade, shop keeping, artisanry, craftsmanship)
Rise of middle class (bourgeoisie)

64. Which dynasties ruled China from 1450-1750?

65. Ming Dynasty ( )
Qing Dynasty (1644-

66. How did Japan begin this period (1450-1750?)

67. Japan was disunified
Governed by military shoguns
Feudal wars
Independent states ruled by landed aristocracy (daiymo)

68. Who unified Japan in 1603?

69. Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Shogunate ruled from

70. What were the three gunpowder empires?

71. Ottoman
Safavid
Mughal

72. Where was each empire located?

73. Ottoman – N. Africa, SE Europe, SW Asia
Safavid – Present day Iran
Mughal – northern India

74. What are did the gunpowder empires have in common?

75. Where were the founders of the Ottoman Empire from?

76. Central Asia

77. Who was at the top of the Ottoman political structure?

78. The Sultan

79. How were sultans different from European monarchs?

80. Sultans did not marry
The heir was not necessarily the oldest son

81. Where was the Ottoman capital?

82. Istanbul

83. Who was the greatest of the Ottoman sultans?

84. Suleiman the Magnificent
(aka Suleiman the Lawgiver)

85. What elite group of soldiers supplemented the Ottoman military?

86. janissaries

87. What was the harem?

88. elite social network made up mostly of the sultan’s relatives

89. Who was at the top of the Safavid political structure?

90. The Shah

91. What was the main culture and religion in the Safavid Empire?

92. Persian Culture
Religion – Shiite Muslim

93. What became a national industry in the Safavid Empire?

94. Persian Rugs

95. Who established the Mughal Empire?

96. Mongol warlord – Babur (aka the Tiger) in 1520

97. What was the most important trade item in the Mughal Empire?

98. textiles

99. The Mughals are known for what famous architectural structure?

100. The Taj Mahal