1. Unit 4: The First Global Age (1450-1770)
Global History II Review

2. Mesoamerican Civilizations
Geography
Central America
Mayans
Farming and trade were important
Maize was a staple crop
Polytheistic beliefs- made human sacrifices
Established social hierarchy
Contributions: Pyramids, farming, calendar

3. Mesoamerican Civilizations
Aztecs
Expanded through military conquest
Established social hierarchy
Polytheistic beliefs- made human sacrifices
Contributions: Calendar, floating gardens
Incas
Centralized and efficient government
Build roads to link empire through Andes Mts.
Terrace farming (cut into mountain side)

4. Ming Dynasty in China Restoration of Chinese Rule Contributions
Middle Kingdom- belief China was the center of the earth and source of civilization
Government reforms revived ideas of Confucius and Civil Service System
Contributions
Improved food production
Repaired canals and expanded trade network
Porcelain

5. Ming Dynasty in China China and the West Impact on Asia
Europeans were very interested in China but China felt Europe was inferior
Impact on Asia
Korea: Civil Service, porcelain, writing
Japan: Buddhism, art, writing, technology
SEA: Religion, civil service system

6. Ottoman Empire Rise of Ottoman Empire (1400s)
1453 conquered Constantinople and expanded around ME/ Mediterranean Sea
Expanded from superior military technology
Europeans seek new trade routes
Ottomans disrupted European trade
Europeans searched for routes around ME

7. Ottoman Empire Lasting Achievements and Impact
Absorbed Byzantine influences
Suleiman gave laws to the people
Diverse population and tolerance
Built mosques and practiced Islam
Decline of Ottoman Empire
Internal disorder- government corruption
European advancements ahead of Turks
Loss in World War I

8. Exploration and Imperialism
Eve of Exploration
Reconquista: Spanish conquest of Muslim Sp.
Brutal attacks by Christians on Muslims and Jews
Europeans sought Spices from Asia and sought routes other than through the ME
New Technologies:
Printing press, gunpowder, better maps, & astrolabe

9. Exploration and Imperialism
Early Explorations and Encounters
Exploration of Africa and Asia
Vasco Da Gama reaches India
Columbus reaches the Americas
Wanted to find an alternative route to India
Europeans compete for Colonies
Imperialism in Africa- divided up continent
Imperialism in Asia- trade posts set up in Asia
Colonies like India (Britain) became important

10. Exploration and Imperialism
Europeans compete for Colonies
Imperialism in the Americas
Spanish conquistadors conquered civilizations
Defeated Aztecs and Inca and established colonies
Established the encomienda system
Triangular Trade and Slavery
Africans were taken as slaves to work in the Americas after the native populations died

11. Exploration and Imperialism
Spanish Empire
Developed encomeinda system using slaves
Catholic Church was influential
Social class structure:
Peninsulars & Creoles were on top
Columbian Exchange
Resources from old and new worlds were introduced to new environments
Mercantilism-policy of gaining as much wealth as possible for the colonial powers from its colonies

12. Absolutism and the Puritans
Global Absolutism
Absolutism- autocratic rulers had complete power to rule over the government and people
Divine Right- king rules by the will of God
Examples: Philip II, Louis XIV, Peter the Great
Reaction to Absolutism in England
Issues between ruler and people (parliament)
English Civil War is fought between the Puritans and the Crown
Glorious Revolution: non-violent overthrow of the English King
English Bill of Rights
Provides for a limited (constitutional) monarchy
Provides for basic rights to the people of England