1. Macromolecules Chapter 2 Section 3

2. What is a macromolecule? It is also called a biomolecule It is formed from thousands of smaller molecules through polymerization of many monomers Recall: POLY= MANY MONO=ONE

3. 4 kinds of macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

4. Carbohydrates: An energy macromolecule Monomer: Monosaccharide (single sugar) Function: These are our main source of energy & used for structural purposes Formed through dehydration synthesis: Removal of water Elements: Carbon Hydrogen & Oxygen (CHO) in a 1:2:1 ratio Many monosaccharides (single sugars) make up these polysaccharides (many sugars).

5. Proteins: A structural macromolecule Monomer: amino acids Amino acid: building block of proteins, contains an amine & carboxyl group Catalysts: a type of protein that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being used up Enzymes: A type of protein that runs chemical reactions Function: Build muscles, fight diseases, & transports substances into and out of the cell. Elements: CHON- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & nitrogen

6. Proteins inside:

7. Lipids: An energy AND structural macromolecule Made of glycerol & fatty acids (not a true monomer) Saturated Fats- contain the maximum number of H Unsaturated Fats- contain double bonds & less H Phospholipid- consists of parts that dissolve easily in water and parts that do not. Functions: 1. Make up cell membranes (Phospholipids). 2. Is a secondary source of energy. 3. Waterproof covering Elements: CHO- carbon, hydrogen & oxygen

8. Lipids Outside : Inside:

9. Nucleic Acids- The heritable macromolecule Monomer: nucleotide 2 types: RNA- contains the sugar ribose DNA- contains the sugar deoxyribose Function: stores & transmits genetic information Elements: CHONP- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & phosphorus Examples: there are ONLY 2: RNA & DNA

10. Nucleic Acids Outside Inside

11. Reflect- on the back of your foldable answer these questions: 1. Compare & contrast the following A. Carbs & Lipids B. Proteins & Nucleic Acids 2. Look at the structures of all 4 macromolecules. How are they similar & different?