1. Biomolecules Carbon Compounds Macromolecules Organic Molecules
Ch. 2-3
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2. Macromolecules “Giant molecules” Four types of organic macromolecules
-Carbohydrates
-Lipids (fats)
-Proteins
-Nucleic acids
Monomers – small single unit that builds polymers
Polymers- many of the small units built together for a large molecule

3. Carbohydrates Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Functions:
-Main source of energy
for living things
-Structural purposes in plants
Examples: simples sugars- glucose, complex carbs- starch

4. Carbohydrate Structure
Glucose- C6H12O6- (Monomer)
Starch- (Polymer)

5. Lipids
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (mostly hydrogen and carbon)
Functions:
-Store energy (more energy than carbs)
-Cell membranes
- Insulation (keep warm)
Examples: fats, oils, waxes
Many are made of a
glycerol and a fatty
acid
(No monomer/polymer)

6. Lipid Structure Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids
No monomer- just one structure

7. Proteins Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Made of a chain of amino acids (monomer)
Functions:
-Control the rate of reactions (enzymes)
-Regulate cell processes
-Form bones and muscle
-Transport substances in and out of cell
-Help fight disease

8. Protein Structure
Monomer- Amino Acid
Polymer- Polypeptide Chain

9. Nucleic Acids
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Made of nucleotides
Functions:
-Store and pass on genetic information
Examples: DNA, RNA

10. Nucleic Acid Structure
Nucleotide- 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base- monomer
Polymer- DNA/RNA