1. RELATIVE CLAUSES IDENTIFYING CLAUSES

2. What is a relative clause? ◦It is a dependent clause that modifies a noun and follows the noun it modifies. ◦Ex. People who are born first are typically responsible, ambitious, and authoritarian.

3. Uses of Relative Clauses: ◦We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences ◦Ex. I bought a new car. It is very fast. I bought a new car that is very fast. ◦We can use relative clauses to give more information about something. ◦Ex. She lives in New York. She likes living in New York. She lives in New York, which she likes.

4. Two Types of Relative Clauses: ◦Identifying Relative Clauses (also called Defining Relative Clauses) ◦Tells us which noun we are talking about. It answers the question, “Which one?”, and is necessary in the sentence. Ex. I like the woman who lives next door. (If I don’t say ‘who lives next door’, then we don’t know which woman I mean.) ◦Non-Identifying Relative Clauses (also called Non-Defining Relative Clauses) ◦Gives us extra information about something. We don’t need this information to understand the sentence. Ex. I live in London, which has some fantastic parks. (Everyone knows where London is, so ‘which has some fantastic parks’ is extra information).

5. Identifying Relative Clauses ◦They generally begin with a relative pronoun: who, that, which. ◦PEOPLE: who and that ◦THINGS: which and that ◦In general, who (for people) and that (things) for identifying relative clauses in writing.

6. Identifying Relative Clauses: 2 Types ◦Subject Relative Clauses ◦The relative pronoun (who, which, that) acts as the subject and is NOT followed by a noun. Ex. The teacher who lives next door is nice. ◦Object Relative Clauses ◦The relative pronoun (who, which, that) acts as an object and IS followed by a noun. It may be omitted. Ex. The film which we watched was great! The film which we watched was great!

7. Identifying Relative Clauses: ◦Subject Relative Clauses ◦The woman who called you is here. ◦‘who’ refers to the woman (subject) ◦The woman called you. ◦Object Relative Clauses ◦The woman whom you called is here. ◦‘whom’ is a possessive relative pronoun, and is only used as an object in object relative clauses. ◦You called the woman.

8. Give It a Try! Combine the following sentences using a identifying relative clause: ◦She worked for a man. The man used to be a professional athlete.

9. Give It a Try! ◦She worked for a man. The man used to be a professional athlete. ◦She worked for a man who used to be a professional athlete.

10. Give It a Try! ◦She worked for a man. The man used to be a professional athlete. ◦She worked for a man who used to be a professional athlete. ◦Question: Is this a subject or object relative clause?

11. Give It a Try! ◦She worked for a man. The man used to be a professional athlete. ◦She worked for a man who used to be a professional athlete. ◦Question: Is this a subject or object relative clause? ◦Answer: A subject relative clause. ‘who’ is equal to the subject we are talking about.

12. Give It a Try! ◦We ate the fruit. I bought the fruit.

13. Give It a Try! ◦We ate the fruit. I bought the fruit. ◦We ate the fruit that I bought.

14. Give It a Try! ◦We ate the fruit. I bought the fruit. ◦We ate the fruit that I bought. ◦Question: Is this a subject or object relative clause?

15. Give It a Try! ◦We ate the fruit. I bought the fruit. ◦We ate the fruit that I bought. ◦Question: Is this a subject or object relative clause? ◦Answer: An object relative clause. ‘who’ is equal to the object we are talking about.

16. The End