1. What are the components of blood and the basic purpose of each component

2. Blood has two components:

3. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Red Blood Cells  Carry oxygen to all of the body’s cells  Consist of an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin  Hemoglobin chemically binds with oxygen molecules and carries oxygen to the body’s cells.

4. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Platelets  Collect and stick to the vessel at the site of the wound  Release chemicals that produce clots at sites of vessel injury

5. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems White Blood Cells  Recognize disease-causing organisms  Produce chemicals to fight the invaders  Surround and kill the invaders

6. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems 34.2 Respiratory System Breathing and Respiration  The respiratory system sustains cellular respiration by supplying oxygen to body cells and removing carbon dioxide waste from cells.  Breathing is the mechanical movement of air into and out of your lungs.  External respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood.  Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the body’s cells. Chapter 34

7. Draw a labeled diagram of these organs of the respiratory system (alveoli, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles):

8. Bronchioles Alveoli Respiratory System

9. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  Hairlike structures called cilia trap foreign particles (dust, fungal spores, etc) from the air and sweep them toward the throat (then you swallow this stuff!). Chapte r 34 34.2 Respiratory System  Air enters your mouth or nose. Toxins in cigarette smoke paralyze cilia and let foreign particles sit in lung tissue

10. Explain the workings of the epiglottis (what is it? what does it do?)

11. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapte r 34 34.2 Respiratory System  The epiglottis allows air to pass from the larynx to a long tube in the chest cavity called the trachea. #1 place people choke to death?

13.  The trachea branches into two large tubes, called bronchi, which lead to the lungs.

14. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems  Each bronchus branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles.  Each of these small tubes continues to branch into even smaller passageways, which end in individual air sacs called alveoli. Chapte r 34 34.2 Respiratory System

15. Alveoli are blind (“dead end”) sacs at the end of bronchioles This is where gas exchange occurs (CO2 leaves blood and O2 enters blod)

16. Breathing: 1. The diaphragm muscle pulls down, 2. the chest cavity volume increases, 3. the pressure inside the chest goes down, 4. the atmospheric pressure outside pushes air in

17. How does your brain maintain homeostasis of your oxygen level? (what is monitored specifically?)

18. Your brainstem (medulla oblongata) monitors the blood’s CO2 concentration to adjust breathing rates not O2 As CO2 goes up, the blood’s pH goes down and receptors in brainstem detect this fall in pH and speed up breathing to get rid of the excess CO2

19. Normal lung tissue specimens

20. Matching: Match each respiratory disease to its description Asthma Emphysema Pneumonia Tuberculosis Lung Cancer

21. Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems Chapte r 34 34.2 Respiratory System

22. Lung diseases Emphysema Cigarette smoke damages alveoli walls causing them to loss their elasticity The walls are destroyed over time and large empty spaces form in the lungs where alveoli used to be (now less surface area for O2 absorption) Patients feel short of breath all the time

23. Lung cancer Chemicals in smoke damages lung cell DNA - causing mutations which allow cells to grow continuously and to invade other organs Only 7% of all people who try to quit smoking each year actually succeed.

24. Where it all began (ended?) for my dad