1. CHINA

2. A. Brief historical overview Oldest _____________ civilization Ruled by __________ (families) from the 1700s BC to 1911 AD when nationalists overthrew the last dynasty (Manchu) 220 BC  _______________ built to keep out foreign barbarians It stretches from the Gobi Desert to the Yellow Sea (31,000 miles)

3. B. China Opens Up To the World European countries force ____________ 19 th century Created _______________ of influence (Britain, France, Germany, Russia & Japan) 1900  Chinese rebelled against this outside influence (Boxer Rebellion); finally put down by a multinational force

4. C. Power Struggle: Nationalists vs. Communists 1920s: ________________ gained power Into the 1930s, _______________ were gaining power Chiang Kai-shek vs. Mao Zedong 1949: Communists win & change China’s name to the People’s Republic of China, while Chiang Kai-shek and his Nationalists flee to Taiwan

5. D. Mao’s China Ruled under _______________: “a system in which government holds nearly all political power and the means of production” Ideas come from _______________: working class would rise up and overthrow the ruling class to create an equal, utopian society Gov’t attempted to take over all economic activities The poor like this What they really got instead of basic rights was a one party dictatorship in which Communist gov’t officials controlled everything; China turned into a totalitarian state (when the gov’t controls every aspect of citizens’ lives through a single-party dictatorship) ________________ to make him popular (“the spread of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause”)

6. E. Mao’s Goals Better life for the __________ Development of ____________________ Make China a ____________________

7. F. Obstacles to Mao’s Goals Huge _______________ to take care Years of __________ __________ production was limited b/c of geography, floods, earthquakes and draughts Lack of _______________ and money to build

8. G. Mao’s “Great Leap Forward” 1958  divided China into _______________ (20,000 people) Workers were assigned jobs; supposed to provide people with __________, __________, __________, __________ Failures – Peasants resisted – Food production failed b/c of people assigned to different jobs – Lack of incentive – Flood and draught – Famine of 1959-1961

9. H. Mao’s “Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution” 1966 _______________ to get rid of followers of capitalism (free market economy in which means of production are owned and operated by individuals) either through killing them or enforced slave labor Effects – Chaos  – People had been… – 1969  things wind down

10. I. Mao’s Successor: Deng Xiaoping 1976 (Mao dies) Deng created his “Four Modernizations” to help China achieve wealth and power – _____________________ through mechanization & self-sufficiency in food production; allowed for the responsibility system, in which some farmers could keep some money for profit – _____________________  more freedom for managers, light industry, private ownership (created problems of pollution, crowded cities, gaps b/t rich and poor, increased crime – Developing ______________________ – Upgrading China’s _____________________ 1989: Tiananmen Square  Chinese citizens ask for Democratic reforms

11. J. Hu Jintao 1.President from 2001-2013 2.Current President is Xi Jinping

12. K. Rural Economy 1.60% of China’s population works on farms, though farming is only possible on 13% of China’s land (because west China is made up of mountains and deserts); still able to feed its own people. 2.Eastern China grows rice, maize, wheat & sweet potatoes

13. L. Industrial Economy 1.Northeast (coal, iron ore, and oil) & good transporation 2.Shanghai—China’s lead manufacturing center 3.Industries of steel, machinery, and textiles