1. Objectives: 1. To learn and understand how nonverbal communication works. 2. To learn the different types of nonverbal communication. 3. To learn how to effectively interpret and use nonverbal communication.

2. CM in general is process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to share knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Although we usually identify CM with speech, *CM is composed of two dimensions - Verbal and Nonverbal.

3. Non-verbal Communication 93% of what we communicate is done through nonverbal channels.

4. Nonverbal CM - CM without words. Includes: facial expressions, eyes, touching, and tone of voice, as well as less obvious messages such as dress, posture and spatial distance between two or more people.

5. Everything communicates, including material objects, physical space, and time systems. Although verbal output can be turned off, nonverbal cannot. Even silence speaks.

6. No matter how one can try, one cannot not communicate.

7. Commonly, nonverbal communication is learned shortly after birth and practiced and refined throughout a persons lifetime. Children first learn nonverbal expressions by watching and imitating, much as they learn verbal skills.

8. Young children know far more than they can verbalize and are generally more adept at reading nonverbal cues than adults.

9. Humans use nonverbal CM because: 1. Words have limitations: There are several ways where nonverbal communication is more effective than verbal 2.Nonverbal signals are powerful: Nonverbal cues usually express inner feelings 3. Nonverbal messages are likely to be more real: because nonverbal behaviors cannot be controlled as easily as spoken words. 4. Nonverbal signals can express feelings inappropriate to say aloud: Social etiquette limits what can be said, but nonverbal cues can communicate thoughts. 5. A separate communication channel is necessary to help send complex messages

10. BODY MOVEMENTS, GESTURES AND POSTURES

11. Movements and gestures by the hands, arms, legs, and other parts of the body and face are the most pervasive (diffused through every part of)types of nonverbal messages and the most difficult to control. It is estimated that there are over 200,000 physical signs capable of stimulating meaning in another person. For example, there are 23 distinct eyebrow movements, each capable of stimulating a different meaning.

12. People Communicate by the way they walk, stand, and sit. We tend to be more relaxed with friends or when addressing those of lower status. Body orientation also indicates status or liking of the other individual. More direct orientation is related to a more positive attitude.

13. Body movements and postures alone have no exact meaning, but they can greatly support or reject the spoken word.

14. Nonverbal Activity #1: Wordless Acting I need 4 volunteers Determine who will play role A and who will play role B Using the script I give you, Student A will read your lines out loud; Student B will communicate your lines Nonverbally. Student B will be assigned an emotion to portray as they perform their part.

15. FACIAL EXPRESSION

16. The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” describes the meaning of facial expression. Facial appearance - including wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and eye color-offers enduring cues that reveal information about age, sex, race, ethnic origin, and status.

17. Facial expressions may be unintentional or intentional. Next to words the human face is the primary source of information for determining an individuals internal feelings.

25. EYES

26. The most dominant and reliable features of the face are the eyes. Eyes provide a constant channel of CM. They can be shifty and evasive; convey hate, fear, and guilt; or express confidence, love, and support.

28. Referred to as mirrors of the soul, the eyes serve as the major decision factor in interpreting spoken words.

29. Except for extremely shy individuals, most people look for social acceptance by studying the eyes of others. Eyes also can accurately indicate a positive or a negative relationship. People tend to look longer and more often at those, whom they trust, respect and care about than at those whom they doubt or dislike.

30. Research shows that a speaker who looks at an audience is perceived as Favorable, Confident Credible, Qualified, Honest & Less Nervous

31. Personality characteristics such as introversion and extroversion also influence eye behavior.

32. Eye contact is often used as an indication of whether or not a person is lying. The stereotype is that a dishonest person will not look you in the eye.

33. Distance! 1.Intimate distance - from actual touching to eighteen inches. This zone is reserved for those with whom one is intimate. 2. Personal distance from eighteen inches to four feet. This is the distance of interaction of good friends. 3.Social distance exists from four to twelve feet. It seems to be an appropriate distance for casual friends and acquaintances to interact. 4.Public distance outward from twelve feet a speaker becomes formal.

34. Nonverbal Activity #2: Where’s your bubble? 2 volunteers will be needed for this exercise to demonstrate CM distances. __________________________________ Nonverbal Activity #3: Confined 5 volunteers will be needed to demonstrate the unspoken rules of non- verbal behaviors.

35. TOUCH

36. Even a handshake tells much about an individual’s character and self esteem.The human skin has hundreds of thousands of submicroscopic nerve endings, serving as tactual receptors and detecting pressure, temperature, texture, pain.

37. Parents transmit feelings to an infant physically, not verbally.

38. In most human relationships, touching can give encouragement, express tenderness, and show emotional support

39. In general, the meaning of touching depends on an individuals’ situation, culture, sex, and age.

41. Workers in hospitals and nursing homes have long been aware of the therapeutic value of a sympathetic touch.

42. VOCAL INTONATION AND CUE The proverb “It is not what we say that counts, but how we say it” reflects the meaning of vocal intonation Certain cues often reveal emotional conditions. Difference in loudness, pitch, timbre, rate, inflection, rhythm, and enunciation all relate to the expression of various emotions.

43. Nonverbal Activity #4-We Have to Move Now! Volunteers will draw a paper from the container. Do not disclose the information indicated on the strip of paper. Using the information given to you, Please read the following sentence: “We all need to gather our stuff and move to another building as soon as possible!” Class members will share assumptions made about each student’s situation as they read their prompts.

44. Objects, Use of Space and Physical environment.

45. Appearance

51. Symbols

52. Nonverbal Activity #5-Stack the Deck Each student receives a card Make sure you keep your card a secret. NO TALKING!!! Or You are OUT! Assemble into groups according to suits using Nonverbal CM. Once in your groups, you must line up in order of rank from Ace to King The group that gets into proper order first *WINS! * prize may or may not include a treat

70. Nonverbal Activity #6- Screenwriter Step One: Get into groups of 4-5. Your mission: Write a silent movie screenplay. (Story without using words) Criteria: Make sure to use at least 5 of the 8 elements of Nonverbal CM. Body language/gestures, facial expression, eyes, distance, touch, vocal intonation, objects, symbols. –Start the scene with someone doing an obvious task. –Add to the scene by introducing another actor(s) or character (s) who’s appearance has a big impact on the original task of the first actor. –A physical commotion takes place. Include a slow motion moment. –The problem is resolved. The end, take a bow.