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Published byMarion Carson Modified over 8 years ago
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Tensions Rise
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NORTH small farms, industry and commerce SOUTH plantation farming and slave labor
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Railroads, roads, canals went east-west Trade and other ties between Midwest and East Views on Slavery Morally wrong Economic threat
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Control of South was with wealthy plantation owners Wealth tied up in land and slaves- cash crops (cotton fueled economy) Most southerners were poor farmers didn’t own slaves supported slavery because it gave them a sense of superiority Justification for slavery: White people superior Slavery helps slaves- Christianity, food, clothing, shelter Westward expansion meant more land for plantations (land worn out, rise in demand)
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When was the first time the issue of slavery came up for the U.S.? Compromises were like band aids- not fixing the problem, just patching it up and covering it so you don’t have to see it.
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1820Missouri applies for statehood North of the Mason-Dixon line Maine added as a free state to keep balance in Congress between free and slave states.
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1846 Mexican Cession slave territory? ( The Missouri Compromise didn’t apply)
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Would have outlawed slavery in any territory the U.S. might acquire from the war but didn’t pass Led to Free-Soil Party –political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.” Won 10 seats in Congress in 1848 Slavery again becomes a key issue
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California- Gold rush increased population rapidly- will become state soon slave or free? Most Californians wanted it to be free state- but that would upset balance in Congress. March 1850, California applies as free state
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The Compromise: To make the North happy- California admitted as a free state Domestic slave trade abolished in Washington, D.C.
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To make the South happy- No laws passed regarding slavery for the rest of the territories won from Mexico (popular sovereignty) Congress will pass a stronger law to help slave- owners-Fugitive Slave Act
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Accused fugitives could be held without an arrest warrant No right to trial by jury Required Northerners to help recapture runaway slaves, and penalized those who did not Southerners began to come up to the North and claim slaves that may have run away as many as 20 years before.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin to make people aware of the atrocities of slavery Story was of Uncle Tom- a slave who was poorly treated by his owner, and was eventually beaten to death.
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The book, published in 1851, became the best selling novel in the 1800’s, and the second best-selling book of that century after the Bible. Reactions: The North: more people against slavery The South: Felt their way of life attached
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Nebraska territory divided into two parts- Nebraska and Kansas Popular sovereignty will determine whether each part will be slave or free Would undo Missouri Compromise (Mason- Dixon line) Passed in 1854
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Elections of 1855- more pro-slavery than anti-slavery residents 5000 pro-slavery people came from Missouri- voted illegally Kansas legislature filled with Pro-slavery Anti-slavery settlers refused to acknowledge election results- both sides armed
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Pro-slavery mob attacked Lawrence (anti- slavery city- looted and burned “Sack of Lawrence” John Brown led 7 others to massacre 5 pro- slavery neighbors “Potawatomie Massacre” Civil war breaks out in Kansas- 3 years long- “Bleeding Kansas”
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Charles Sumner-Senator from Massachusetts A.P. Butler- Senator from South Carolina Preston Brooks- Representative (House) from South Carolina- relative of Butler
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Sumner makes a speech in Congress against the pro-slavery forces in Kansas and insulted Butler in the process. Brooks (relative of Butler) hears of the speech and goes to the Senate to confront Sumner Brooks attacked Sumner at his desk on the floor of the Senate and beat him unconscious with his cane
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Brooks cheered in South North was shocked. Angry antislavery forces united to form the Republican Party.
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Dred Scott- a slave His owner (John Emerson) worked for the military and traveled to free areas of the country. When the Emersons died (his owners) Dred Scott sued the estate to be freed.
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His argument: that he had become free when he lived with Emerson in Illinois- a free state- and Wisconsin- a free territory. The estate’s argument: Dred Scott was a slave and therefore property- not a citizen with any rights.
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The result: Dred Scott remained a slave Slavery was strengthened by the ruling because it said that slaves were property and not citizens and therefore had no rights. Also said that Congress had no right to limit slavery, because that would violate the slaveowners Constitutional property rights.
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The Missouri Compromise was voided No state could be a free state Not undone until the 14 th Amendment after the Civil War Seen as the final straw before the Civil War
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Stephen A. Douglas- Democrat- sponsor of Kansas-Nebraska Act Abraham Lincoln:- Republican-against expansion of slavery Famous quote: “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”
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