1. EAST ASIA

2. CHPT 28: CHINA AND MONGOLIA

3. 2 parts: mountains and plateaus (west); plains and hills (east) Mountains: Kunlun Shan (central west) and Tian Shan (northcentral west) Create the Tarim Basin Tarim Basin has Taklimakan Desert Gobi Desert in north-central China and southern Mongolia PHYS GEO OF CHINA

4. Huang He (Yellow): called “China’s Sorrow”; made “yellow” by Loess —yellowish- brown sediment made of silt and clay Chiang Jiang (Yangtze) : China’s longest river Xi (West) : with tributaries, forms largest major river system in China RIVERS

5. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

6. DYNASTIES : ruling houses or continuing family of rulers Chinese culture dates back 5000 years Began in the Wei River Valley 1 st dynasty: C. 1776 B.C. (Shang Dynasty) Ruled by “mandate of heaven” (approval of gods and goddesses) Shang ruled for 700 years CHINA

7. Ruled for 800 years Trade grew Chinese culture spread Iron tools Confucius: founded Confucianism---based on discipline and proper moral conduct Lao-Tzu: founder of Taoism— harmony with nature and simple living ZHOU DYNASTY

8. Founded by Qin Shihuangdi 1 st to unify the country Built the Great Wall of China QIN DYNASTY

9. Han and Tang saw rise of traders and missionaries Ming Dynasty: exploration opens; Zheng He sails to Africa (1400s) Qing Dynasty: last dynasty OTHER DYNASTIES

10. Dynasties ended in 1911 (rebellion led by Sun Yat-sen) 1925: Chang Kai-shek forms Nationalist govt of Republic of China Rivaled by Mao Zedong, leader of the communist party Civil War 1949: Communists take over and set up the People’s Republic of China Republic of China moved to Taiwan END OF DYNASTIES

11. 1950s: “Great Leap Forward”— small farms replaced by large govt farms Not enough food produced; millions die of starvation Mao wanted a classless society 1966: Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution—urban and educated Chinese sent to work on farms; meant to cleanse elements of capitalism Late 1970s: Deng Xiaoping opens some free-market COMMUNIST CHINA

12. Early inhabitants were the Xiongnu Genghis Khan (12 th and 13 th centuries) leads the Mongol Empire to conquer much of China, Russia, and Central Asia Fell to the Qing Dynasty (called Outer Mongolia) Qing overthrown in 1911; Mongolia created MONGOLIA

13. SOCIETY AND CULTURE TODAY

14. Mao Zedong closed schools b/c educated people were seen as a threat Policy reversed after his death EDUCATION

15. Mandarin is the dominant language Uses IDEOGRAMS : pictorial character that represents a specific meaning or idea Thousands of ideograms in use Very difficult to learn LANGUAGE

16. Buddhism, Taoism, and Islam are practiced Many identify as atheist Buddhism is restricted in Tibet RELIGION

17. Shift from communes to small, family farms China is the world’s largest exporter of goods ECONOMICS

18. DISSIDENTS : a citizen who speaks out against govt policies 1989: Tiananmen Square— students protest for democratic reform; Chinese govt responds brutally U.S., Japan, and EU (major trade partners w/China) impose ECONOMIC SANCTIONS : trade restrictions China released several dissidents; U.S. relented HUMAN RIGHTS

19. Under British control until 1997 Has a strong economy In a SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ) : small district in China that is fully open to global commerce HONG KONG