1. Identity/Self-concept K and L Cultural: built on traditions, language, heritage, religion, ancestry, etc. Social: age, gender, work, ideology, religion, neighborhood, interests (sports). Personal: your unique characteristics. Cultural: built on traditions, language, heritage, religion, ancestry, etc. Social: age, gender, work, ideology, religion, neighborhood, interests (sports). Personal: your unique characteristics.

2. Social and Cultural Identities M and N Gender Identity Sexual Identity Age Identity Racial and Ethnic Identity Physical Ability Identity Religious Identity Class Identity National and Regional Identity

3. Avowel and Proactive ascription Martin and Nakayama Avowel is a process by which individuals portray themselves. Ascription is a process by which others attribute identities to them. I see myself as a young guy, you may view me as a really old dude.

4. Characteristics of Identity (Martin and Nakayama) Identities: Are created through communication (Looking Glass self) Are created in spurts Are influenced by society Are dynamic Are developed in different ways in different cultures

5. The Formation of Cultural Identity Koester and Lustig Unexamined Cultural Identity: Little interest in exploring cultural issues. Identity is taken for granted. Cultural Identity Search: A process of exploration of one’s own cultural identity. Cultural Identity Achievement: a clear, confident acceptance of oneself and internalization of one’s culture We become more socially, politically aware. Anger accompanies stage two sometimes They can deal with stereotypes and discrimination withut it affecting their self esteem.; Self-confident well adjusted

6. Identity Negotiation Theory M and N (Ting Toomey 2005) Individuals define themselves in relation to groups they belong to due to the basic need for security and inclusion. At the same time, humans need differentiation from these same groups. (The core of Intercultural Communication, separateness and connectedness).

7. Three Approaches to Intercultural Communication (Burrell06 ) Functionalist: Research Goal: Describe and predict behavior Method of study: Survey, Observation Contribution of the approach: Recognizes difference, but doesn’t consider context Interpretive: Research Goal: Describe behavior, but not predict behavior. Method of study: Participant/observation Contribution of the approach: Recognizes differences should be studied in context.

8. Critical: Research Goal: Change behavior Method of Study: Textual Analysis of Media Contribution of the approach: Asserts that all intercultural interactions are characterized, or affected by power. (Political, economical)

9. Critical race theory (CRT) is an academic discipline focused upon the application critical theory, a critical examination of society and culture, to the intersection of race, law and power according to the UCLA School of Public Affairs.

10. Discussion Questions 1) How has popular culture affected your self concept? 2) Which stereotypes that are represented in popular culture do you have to fight consistently? How do you combat these stereotypes? 3) In your opinion, has popular culture gotten better, or worse in their representations of people from your culture/co-culture(s)? Explain