1. New Governing Body In 1264 removed King Henry III from the throne Replaced him with a group of representatives (known as parliament) Included high ranking officials, religious officials & nobles When Edward I took the throne, parliament would stay

2. Powers of Parliament Parliament has 2 houses to govern the country The House of Commons & The House of Lords Limit power of the English monarchy – This could be seen in that Parliament could control the collection of taxes Introduce and pass laws King could not declare new laws without Parliament approval

3. Rise of Democratic Thought Independent judiciaries have developed around the world Courts were there to prevent government to pass laws that violate rights of citizens Habeas Corpus The right people have to not be imprisoned unlawfully

4. Ottoman Empire

5. Early 1300’s Osman founded the Ottoman Empire in Asia Minor Sultan was the head of the imperial system Grand Vizier advised the sultan Imperial council (Divan) was headed by the Grand Vizier Across the empire were military leaders, religious leaders & land owners (they took care of local issues)

6. Suleyman I (Suleyman the Magnificent) In 1520, Suleyman became sultan of the empire Produced great art, architecture & literature People also called him “The Lawgiver” since he organized a legal code Ottomans followed Islamic law, but there are topics not covered by it Criminal law & taxation Suleyman created these new laws