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Progress in Agriculture Competencies 1.02-2.02
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Progress Through Engineering Little progress in agriculture is recorded before 1800 AD The use of Iron revolutionized American and European agriculture Most of the world did not catch on as fast
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Progress Through Engineering Mechanization helps less than 2% of America’s work force meet the food and fiber needs of our nation There has been a reduction of 90% of our nation’s population involved in production farming over the last 200 years
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Eli Whitney Invented the cotton gin 1793 Transformed cotton to a usable product Removed cotton seed from cotton fiber
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Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
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Katherine Greene Widow of Revolutionary general, Nathaniel Greene Whitney worked on Ms. Greene’s farm Some say Ms. Greene invented the cotton gin
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Cyrus McCormick Invented the grain reaper 1834 Cut grains Cut wheat, oats, and other crops
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Cutting Grain With the sickle or reaping hook one man could cut from one- half to one acre in a hard day's work. The cut grain was later bound by hand
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The Reaper
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While this first machine required only 2 people for operation (a person to ride the horse and a man to rake the cut grain from the platform), it cut as much grain in one day as 12-16 men with reaping hooks.
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Cast Iron Plow Invented in the early 1800’s Thomas Jefferson Rough surface that dirt stuck to
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Steel Moldboard Plow Invented 1837 John Deere Smoother surface Rich clay soil did not stick to it Made plowing easier and faster
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Corn Picker Invented in 1850 Edmund Quincy Helped speed up the harvesting of corn
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Milking Machine Invented in 1878 Anna Baldwin Used vacuum suction Replaced hand milking
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Tractor Invented in 1904 Benjamin Holt Replaced the mule as a source of power Horse power
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The world we live in today!
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Population Facts! Worldwide there are over 6 billion people. ½ of the world population do not have indoor plumbing. (bathroom toilets) Approximately 1 billion people today do not have adequate diets. Every minute the world’s population is increasing by 150 people. That is 220,000 people each day. The world population is expected to reach 7 billion by the year 2010 and 8 billion by the year 2022.
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Why is the population increasing at such an fast pace? More children are surviving childhood – due to better prenatal care and medical science. Adults are living longer. Average age of death in the US is 77. In Japan its 80, and in Zimbabwe its 38.
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Problems created from Population Growth If we cannot feed the world’s population now, how will we feed millions more. More and more productive farmland is being gobbled up for use for highways, businesses, and homes. Increased populations have an impact on our environment. (Water, soil, and air)
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The Challenge: Create more with less resources. New and modified plants. Improved growth of livestock Better understanding of human diets. Improved conservation methods. Improved machines. Be training and sharing of knowledge
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Ancient Proverb: Give a man a fish and he will eat today, teach him how to fish and he will eat forever.
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Green Revolution Process where many countries became self sufficient in food production by using improved technology provided by U. S. agriculture In the 1950s, we took our agricultural technology to Brazil and taught them how to use it. Today they are our biggest agricultural competitor.
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Green Industry Growth in the horticulture industry with emphasis on turf and landscape plants. As people become more affluent they spend their money to improve their surroundings. (plants) As people have more spare time, they use it for leisure. Golf is the fastest growing sport in the world.
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Agriculture Trends 20% of all U.S. jobs are agriculturally related in the areas of production of food and fiber, processing of products and distribution, and supplying and servicing the agricultural industry. The fewest of these jobs are in the production areas.
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Trends Continued: The number of U.S. farms continue to decrease and the size of farms increase. Poultry continues to be the most eaten source of meat protein in the U.S. and is our number one meat export. Soybeans are the world’s most important source of vegetable oil and provide basic materials for the manufacture of hundreds of products we use everyday.
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Trends Continued: The number of jobs available in Agriculture continue to increase, especially for college graduates. More people are concerned about environmental issues then ever before in history. People are becoming more concerned about the quality of their food and issues concerning the use of technology in food production is important.
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NC Agriculture NC is the 3 rd most diversified state in the nation behind California and Texas. NC ranks first nationwide in these commodities: Total tobacco, flue-cured tobacco, sweet potatoes, and turkeys. Other top rankings include: 2 nd in hogs, 4 th in greenhouse/nursery products, 4 th in broilers, and 4 th in peanuts.
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In the 1990’s NC top three commodities were: tobacco, hogs and broilers Today in 2005 the top three are Hogs, broilers and Greenhouse and Nursery products. Tobacco which use to be king in NC has dropped to fourth and continues to be on the decline. Why?
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List of some of NC products: TurkeysBroilersHogs CattleDairySheep GoatsOstrichesEmus EggsQuailDucks HorsesCatfishStriped bass TroutHoneyTobacco CottonSoybeansWheat RyeBarleyCucumbers Sw. potatoesPotatoesHay PeanutsBlueberriespeppers
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Products continued: CabbageTomatoesWatermelons CantaloupesSnap beansStrawberries Sweet cornGrapesApples PeachesPecansChrist. Trees FlowersNursery plantsRabbits GreensOnionsCarrots BeetsRutabagasSquash Egg plantsCornOats
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Sampson County Ranks 1 st in NC in total Agriculture. Our top products are: turkeys, hogs, cotton, sweet potatoes, hay, tobacco, corn. Overall cash receipts for Sampson County was $565,814,000 in 2002.
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Factors that make NC attractive for Agriculture Overall Climate (three geographic regions with varied weather) Highway system Location along the eastern seaboard of the U.S. Two Ports (Wilmington and Morehead City)
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A Changing NC 75% of NC population live in 7 urban counties. (Johnston County is the second fastest growing county in the US) Becoming more of an urban state and less agricultural. Tourism is a major industry in NC Becoming a technological society vs. agricultural society. (RTP)
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Agricultural Careers 65% of all new jobs are skilled jobs. (Usually require some additional training beyond high school. 20% of all jobs will continue to be professional jobs (4yr college degree) Needs of the 21 st Century Workforce: Education, Work Ethic, Leadership, Honesty, and Integrity
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The agriscience industry that involves the management of wetlands, rangelands, water, fish, and wildlife is: ? Agriscience supplies and services. ? Renewable natural resources. ? Production agriscience. ? Forestry.
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The trend in agriculture is for increased: ? Commercialization. ? Independent farmers. ? Pesticide use. ? Land use.
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The agriscience industry composed of people who haul, grade, process, package, and market commodities from production sources is: ? Agriscience processing, products, and distribution. ? Agriscience supplies and services. ? Agriscience mechanics. ? Agriscience professions.
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The career area that offers the highest percent of opportunities for college graduates in agriscience is: ? Marketing, merchandising, and sales representatives. ? Agricultural production specialists. ? Scientists, engineers, and related professionals. ? Education and communication specialists.
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The design, operation, maintenance, service, selling, and use of power units, machinery, equipment structures, and utilities in agriscience is: ? Agriscience mechanics. ? Agriscience supplies and services. ? Horticulture. ? Forestry.
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The agriscience industry that includes producing, processing, and marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants is: ? Production agriscience. ? Forestry. ? Renewable natural resources. ? Horticulture.
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The industry that grows, manages, and harvests trees for lumber, poles, posts, pulpwood, and many other commodities is: ? Renewable natural resources. ? Horticulture. ? Production agriscience. ? Forestry.
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The reaper was invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1834 to: ? Cut and stack grain in the field. ? Gather hay crops and put them in bales. ? Shell corn from the cob. ? Cut grain in the field.
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About what percent of the work force is on the farm in the United States? ? 12 ? 7 ? 2 ? 10
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The tractor largely replaced the mule for horsepower and was invented by: ? Benjamin Holt. ? Anna Baldwin. ? Eli Whitney. ? Edmund Quincy.
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John Deere Company is still a leader in the agricultural equipment industry, but got it starts with the invention of the: ? Corn picker. ? Tractor. ? Milking machine. ? Steel moldboard plow.
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The cotton gin removes the cottonseed from the cotton fiber and was invented by: ? Anna Baldwin. ? Edmund Quincy. ? Eli Whitney. ? Benjamin Holt.
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In 1878 a milking machine was invented by: ? Eli Whitney. ? Anna Baldwin. ? John Deere. ? Massey Ferguson.
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Which crop produces a grain export that consistently ranks at the top of United States crop exports? ? Corn ? Cotton ? Sweet potatoes ? Tobacco
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Agriscience accounts for what percent of the jobs in the United States? ? 30 ? 20 ? 40 ? 10
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In 1997-1998, the top three agricultural commodities in cash receipts for North Carolina were: ? Cotton, cattle, and tobacco. ? Turkeys, corn, and soybeans. ? Broilers, corn, and wheat. ? Hogs, broilers, and tobacco.
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What is the world's most important source of vegetable oil, that provides the basic materials for hundreds of products? ? Soybean ? Corn kernel ? Sunflower seed ? Peanut
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What was the number one meat export from the United States in 1992-1997? ? Sheep ? Poultry ? Pork ? Beef
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The process where many countries became self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s by utilizing improved varieties and practices was the: ? Industrial Revolution. ? Agricultural Revolution. ? Technology Revolution. ? Green
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As the average number of farms decrease in the United States, what will happen to the average farm size? ? Decrease slightly ? Increase significantly ? Stay the same ? Decrease by more than 50%
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