1. - ARCHITECTURE: THE STYLE AND PARTS OF BUILDINGS - ENGINEERING:THE DESIGNING OF BUILDINGS, ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC Learning Objective: We will describe the legacy of Roman architecture & engineering.

2. Connect APK to LO: Some of the parts of the building you described come from ancient architecture. APK: Pair-Share Describe the parts of this building.

3. Columns Much of the ancient world used columns to hold up buildings, including the Romans. You needed to have many columns to support the weight of heavy roofs.

4. BUT, the Romans also learned to use the arch to build huge structures. Arch : a curved or bowed shape used in construction. It allowed for the use of wider, more open spaces, and held more weight than columns. Pair-Share: Why is an arch better than a column?

5. Arches can be used in all sort of combinations to create all kinds of new architecture in buildings, like vaults and domes. Vault: arches strung together to form a long hallway

6. Dome: arches in 360 degrees= semi- circular roof This Roman building is called the Pantheon. The hole in the top allows light to project into the grand hall. Originally the inside of the dome was covered in bronze to allow the sun to reflect off the walls improving the interior lighting. Remember the Romans didn’t have electricity. Pair-Share: How are arches, vaults, and domes related?

7. Interior view of the Pantheon The dome of the Pantheon is shaped in a half circle that rests on a circular wall. CEMENT/Concrete The Romans were also the first to make widespread use of cement. Pair-Share: What do we use today that is made of cement?

8. The Roman Colosseum= a stadium in Rome where games and gladiator* matches were held. The colosseum could seat 55,000 spectators and… after the games it took only 28 minutes to clear the seats. Video Deconstructing the Colosseum *gladiator: someone who would fight to the death for entertainment Pair-Share: What parts of Roman Architecture do you see in the Colosseum?

9. Roads The Romans build a large network of roadways throughout the empire. They were built to last. They spanned over 50,000 miles. There is a saying in Europe that you can’t get lost because, “all roads lead to Rome.”

10. Aqueducts A pipe or channel built to carry water between distant places Pair-Share: How do we transport water from place to place today?

11. The Romans were the greatest builders of roads, bridges and aqueducts in the ancient world. They created a system of aqueducts for Rome that brought water from as far away as 60 miles. The water system in Segovia, Spain, still uses part of an ancient Roman aqueduct.

12. Pair-Share: What features of Roman architecture can you spot in our U.S. Capitol building of today? Relevance: Just like Roman art, early Americans also copied Roman architecture.

13. Pair-Share: What features of Roman architecture can you spot in this building from our community? Relevance: We even still copy Roman architecture in our own community.