1. Micro-Life Unit Study Guide

2. Activity #30 Its Catching What are 4 ways in which diseases are caused? Environmental, Germs, Heredity (Genes), Lifestyle What does the term infectious mean? A disease that can be passed from one person to another. Infectious diseases are caused by microbes What are two methods of transmission that infectious diseases can be spread? Direct and Indirect contact

3. If an infectious disease is spreading through a population, what happens to the number of people infected over time? –The number of people infected over time increases until all susceptible people are infected What are three things that you could do to prevent the spread of an infectious disease through a population? –Quarantine, vaccinations, wash hands frequently Time Number of people infected

4. Activity #32: Who Infected Whom? What is a carrier? –A carrier is someone who never develops symptoms of the illness but carries the disease. What is an epidemiologist? –An epidemiologist is a scientist who traces the spread of a disease through a population. What is the difference between a carrier and someone who is infected? –Someone who is infected shows symptoms of the illness and a carrier never develops symptoms of the disease but could pass the illness on to others.

5. Activity #33: From One to Another What is a vector? –A vector is an organism that spreads disease-causing germs to humans without getting sick itself. State three diseases that are caused by a vector. –Lymes Disease (deer tick), Malaria (mosquito), Bubonic Plaque (flea), African Sleeping Sickness (tste fly) Where did the first bubonic plague epidemic occur? –San Francisco (Chinatown) What is the vector that causes the bubonic plague? –The flea What does the term quarantine mean? –Quarantine means to isolate someone to prevent the spread of a disease through a population. State two trade-offs associated with quarantine. –Individuals may lose their freedom if quarantined _ Individuals are away from friends and family

6. Act 35- A License to Learn How do you find the total magnification of a microscope? –Eyepiece x objective What are the advantages of using the highest power objective? Low power objective? –High power- see more detail –Low power- see more of the specimen What is the purpose of the diaphragm? –Controls the amount of light that comes through the stage

7. Act 37 -The Germ Theory of Disease Who discovered the cell? –Robert Hooke discovered the cell while looking at cork which is dead plant tissue. What is the Cell Theory? –The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells. What is the Germ Theory of Disease? –The Germ Theory of Disease is the idea that microbes (germs) cause infectious diseases which are easily spread. A microbe is another term for what? –A microbe is another term for germ What is Virchow famous for saying? –Virchow is famous for saying “All cells arise from cells”

8. What is a cell? –A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms. The smallest unit of life. What does the term multicellular mean? –Organisms that are made up of more than one cell.

9. Act 38 -Microbes, Plants and You What are four structures that plant and animal cells have in common? –Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Nuclear Membrane What gives the plant cell structure and support? –Cell wall

10. Act 39- Cells Alive What is cellular respiration? Where does it take place? –The process of taking in nutrients and oxygen to break down nutrients for energy. It takes place in the membrane. What is Bromothymol blue (BTB)? –BTB is an indicator that turns yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide.

11. Act 40- A Cell Model What is the function of the cell membrane? –The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. Allows gas exchange, holds cell together, Protects cell from outside environment, separates cell from other cells. What are two things that enter the cell for cellular respiration? –Nutrients (Food) and Oxygen Why is it important for particles to be able to pass through the cell membrane? –Particles need to pass through the cell membrane for cellular respiration to take place.

12. Act 41- A Cell So Small Why are multicellular organisms made up of many small cells rather than one large cell? –Smaller cells have more surface area which makes them more efficient at taking in oxygen and nutrients.

13. Act 42- A Closer Look What are four different types of animals cells and their functions? –Red Blood cell- carries oxygen –White Blood Cell- attack foreign bacteria and other foreign materials that enter the body –Nerve cell- Sends signals to distance parts of the body –Tissue cell- Forms even covering on the inside of the mouth and the outside of the body What is found inside the nucleus? –Genetic material is found inside the nucleus List the structures in the human body from smallest to largest. –Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism

14. Act 43 -Microbes Under View What are three protists that you have observed? –Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena State three characteristics of protists. –Single-celled organism, have a nucleus, cytoplasm, grouped by how they move( cilia, pseudopods, flagella) State three characteristics of bacteria. –Single-celled organism, no nucleus, cell wall, grouped by their shape( rod, round, spiral) What are two similarities between protists and bacteria? –Both are single-celled organisms, cause diseases and have a cell membrane.

15. Act 44 Who’s Who What are three characteristics of viruses? –Non-cellular, non–living, protein coat How are microbes classified? –Microbes are classified according to their structure. What do viruses have in common with protists and bacteria? –Viruses cause diseases like bacteria and protists.

16. Act 45 -The World of Microbes What are the five kingdoms of which living organisms are classified into? –Animal, Plant, Fungi, Bacteria, Protist What are two ways in which bacteria are helpful? –Make such food as yogurt and cheese and are also decomposers. What are two disease that are caused by viruses? –Flu, Colds, Plant diseases

17. Act 46- Disease Fighters What does your body have that helps them remove foreign substances that enter your body through openings like cuts. –Skin,Tears, saliva, mucous, and your immune system When are immune responses not helpful? –New material like blood and organs can trigger an immune response and reject an organ transplant or cause the blood to clot What are the four types of blood? –A, B, AB, O What happens when two different types of blood are not compatible? –They would clump together and cause blockages in the blood vessels

18. Act 49- An Ounce of Prevention What is a vaccine? –Dead or weakened form of a microbe What type of diseases are vaccines used for? –Both bacterial and viral If you had the flu or a cold would you be given an antibiotic? Why or why not –You would NOT be given an antibiotic for a flu or cold because they are viral and antibiotics are only used on bacterial type of infections

19. Act 50- Fighting Back What was the name of the first antibiotic discovered? –Penicillin Who discovered the first antibiotic? –Alexander Fleming What is an antibiotic? –Chemicals that kill microbes

20. Additional Questions List microbes from the smallest to the largest Bacteria- Virus- Protist –Virus- Bacteria- Protist True or False- Bacteria can be found in the soil, the air and the human body. –True True or False- Cancer is an infectious disease. –False True or False -The shape and structure of a cell is related to its function. –True One of the most effective ways you can prevent the spread of an infectious disease is to wash your hands. –True –True or false – Blood cells are part of the microbe category –False-they are part of a multicellular organism

21. 1. Universal Donor___________ 2. Universal recipient _____ 3. Type B recipient is not compatible with ___ and ____. O AB A and AB 4. Type B donor is compatible with ___ and _____. B and AB

22. Label the following animal cell: Cytoplasm Cell membrane Nuclear membrane Nucleus