2. Nama: Evi Karota Bukit, SKp, MNS NIP: 19671215 200003 1 002 Departemen: Kep. Jiwa & Kep. Komunitas Mata Kuliah: Keperawatan Dasar Topik: Keperawatan “Transcultural Nursing”

4. Leininger (1987) Transcultural Nursing

5. Transcultural Nursing Founded Mid 1960 ConceptsEducations  Leininger (1987)  Nurses with a deeper appreciations of human life and values are developing cultural sensitivity for appropriate Clinical approach 1989 1990 Curricula For student nurses 1974

6. Transcultural Nursing A humanistic of the nursing practice, which differences and similarities among Cultures with respect to human care, Health, and illness based on the cultural Values, beliefs, and practice (Leininger, 1985)

7. Leininger (1991) notes the main goal of transcultural nursing is to provide culturally specific care. There must be a basic knowledge of key terminology such as culture, cultural values, " race " culturally diverse nursing care, and ethnography.

8. CULTURE Is values, beliefs, norms and practices of a particular group that are learned and actions in a patterned way (Leininger, 1985)

9. CULTURAL Refers to norms and practices of a particular group that are learned and sharing to guide decisions and action (Leininger, 1991)

10. CULTURE is a metacommunication system based on values, beliefs, language, attitudes and behaviors (Spectrum, 1993)

11. Cultural Values the individual's hope or knowing something that is continuous exist over a period of time and which governs actions or decisions.

12. Cultural Values Unique expressions of a particular culture that have been accepted

13. Culturally diverse nursing care an optimal mode of health care delivery, refers to the variability of nursing approaches needed to provide culturally appropriate care that incorporates an individuals cultural values, beliefs, and practices including sensitivity to the environment from which the individual comes (Leininger, 1985)

14. Ethnic relates to group identification, large groups of people classified according to common customs.

15. Race Any of the different varieties of humans assumed by some people to exist, based on the discredited typological model of human variation

16. CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN NURSING PRACTICE This statement describes an operational definition of cultural diversity as it is expressed in nursing practice, education, and administration

17. CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN NURSING PRACTICE Knowledge of cultural diversity is vital at all levels of nursing practice. Ethnocentric approaches to nursing practice are ineffective in meeting health and nursing needs of diverse cultural groups of clients.

18. CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN NURSING PRACTICE Knowledge about cultures and their impact on interactions with health care is essential for nurses, whether they are practicing in a clinical setting, education, research, or administration. Cultural diversity addresses racial and ethnic differences; however, these concepts or feature of the human experience are not synonymous.

19. How cultural groups understand life processes. How cultural groups define health and illness. What cultural groups do to maintain wellness. What cultural groups believe to be the causes of illness. How healers cure and care for members of cultural groups. How the cultural background of the nurse influences the way in which care is delivered.

21. Culture is shaped by many factors: Religion Race Economic Status Level of Education Environmental Factors Other Factors

22. Why do we need for transcultural nursing knowledge??

23. Demographic change is reality Multi Culture Influencing many professional health care Pluralistic Society Medicine Nursing

24. When encounter the clients from culturally diverse backgrounds in the clinical setting. They are often unable to accurately assess and provide the kind of interventions that are culturally appropriate

25. Need Culturally Competent care technique to provide nursing care practice

26. If nurses do not recognize that the intervention strategies plan for client with different culture They can’t possibly hope to change the health behaviors

27. When the nurses consider race, ethnicity, and culture They become more sensitive to clients This is approach to giving care to clients of race, ethnicity and culture

28. It refers to variability in nursing approach needed to provide culturally appropriate. It will be necessary for nurses to utilize transcultural knowledge Culturally Diverse Nursing Care

29. Communication Environment Control Social Organization Biological Variations Culturally Diverse Nursing Care : Take into six Phenomena Time Space

30. Nursing Assessment Culturally unique individual Communication Biological Variations Time Space Social Organization Environment Control

31. Communication Communication Communication provides the means by which people connect It can build sharing of information, ideas, and feelings

32. Communication may affect people through: Written Language Body Language Facial Expression Space Other Symbols

33. Nurses have to recognize the important of communication into Healing Process In spite of this…….. Communication frequently present barriers between nurses and clients are from different cultural backgrounds

34. IMAGINE: If Nurses & Clients do not speak the same language Angry Non Compliant Withdrawn Inadequate Caring Feel Alienated & Understood The Physical Healing process May be impaired

35. Nurses …….. need to have not only a working knowledge of communication with clients of the same culture. But Also ……. Awareness of racial, social factors that affect communication in different culture Function of Communication

36. SO, by this competency SO, by this competency Nurses and client going together with the same perceptions. It can assess of the client’s health status accurately

37. In Fact.. Various factors impact quality client’s care, including: Poor communication Non compliance with treatment In adequate treatment Ethical problems

38. Function of Communication : Human interaction Provide specific message Giving information Knowing perception of self

39. Assess personal beliefs of persons from differ culture Assess communication variable from differ culture Plan care based on the communicated needs and culture background

40. Modify communication approaches to meet cultural needs Using interpreters to improve communications Respect for the client and communicated needs is the therapeutic relationship

41. Personal space is the area that surrounds a person’s body Personal space of body : Comfort Discomfort Habit SPACE Differ Culture

42. Cleanleanens Air conditioning Nurse's clothes or Accessories Nurses clothes or accessories Medical symbols Object Environment Positive perceptions Negative perceptions

43. Structural Bounders

44. A person’s space (Room Facilities) Desk, chairs, beds, walls, etc. Structural Bounders Child wards Differ room in the gender Setting room Needed restrain Etc.

45. Culture Implication Planning color to be therapeutic & to enhance communication Decoration of the room Picture Furniture Culture / Ethnic

46. It can also communicate a message to others Body Movement or Position Expression of Self

47. Expression Body Movement Finger Pointing Head Nodding Smiles Walking Quickly General Body Movement Body Sound (Laughing)

48. Concept of Time Clock (different in each country) Measurement of Time Calendar Years (365 days) GMT TIME

49. Temporal Pattern Duration Periodic Timing Tempo (frequent activities) Structure of Social Time

50. Implication For Nursing Care Manage time to give quality on client care Time is irreversible To waste time is to waste life Lack of time Spend time and effective (caring to client) As a health care needs have change sift Conflict among health care team because of differ perception of time

51. Referensi Al-Shahri, M. Z. (2002). Culturally Sensitive Caring for Saudi Patients Journal of Transcultural Nursing, Vol. 13 (2) : 133-138. Kozier, B., Erb, G., Blais, K., & Wilkinson, J.M. (1995). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, process, and practice (5 th ed.). California: Addison-Wesley.