2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS

3. STDs – how many can you name?  Chlamydia  Gonorrhoea  AIDS/HIV  Pubic lice  Hepatitis  Syphilis

4. MYTHS OF STDs True or False 1. Most people with an STD experience painful symptoms. 2. Cleaning the affected area will get rid of STDs. 3. Abstinence is the best way to prevent STDs. 4. If you get an STD once, and are treated, you can’t get it again. 5. A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices scores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away.

5. STDs  STDs are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through:  sexual intercourse  Mixed blood (contaminated needles, birth)

6. Symptoms What are the symptoms? How would I know if I have been infected?  Sores (either painful or painless)  Blood in urine  Burning sensation when urinating  Rashes  Itching  Bumps  Warts  Unusual discharge from genital areas

7. What you should know about STDs…  You cannot tell if someone has an STD by his or her appearance.  Most STDs have either very mild or no symptoms.  Many STDs can be treated and cured, but early diagnosis is important.  Because treatments for STDs vary, they must be accurately identified.  STDs can recur because the body does not build up an immunity to them.  STDs can cause sterility, blindness, deafness, and birth defects.

8. Chlamydia  Four million new cases occur each year  SYMPTOMS: fever, weight loss for no reason, swollen glands, fatigue, diarrhea, white spots on the mouth. FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Genital discharge (white or grey) or burning with urination Lower abdominal pain Bleeding between menstrual periods. Low-grade fever (later symptom) MALE SYMPTOMS: Genital discharge and/or burning when urinating Genital burning and itching Pain and swelling in the testicles Low –grade fever

9. Gonorrhea  Each year approximately 650,000 people in the United States are infected with gonorrhea  People get gonorrhea from close sexual contact  Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to child during birth.  Gonorrhea infection can spread to other unlikely parts of the body

10. Gonorrhea

11.  SYMPTOMS: Symptoms may show up 2-21 days after having sex May notice a yellow or white genital discharge May be a burning or pain when urinating More frequent urination Females: Bleeding between periods, heavier and more painful periods

12. Syphilis  The long range effects can be very serious, including death.  Passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore  Sores mainly occur on the external genitalia and the rectum. Sores can also occur on the lips and in the mouth.

13. Symptoms – Stage 1  Symptoms usually appear 10-90 days after contact.  An infected person gets a sore (chancre), which may be painful at the point of contact.  The chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless. It appears at the spot where the bacterium entered the body.  The chancre lasts 1-5 weeks and heals on its own.  This will disappear on its own, but may last 4-6 weeks.  In the female, the chancre is often internal and cannot be seen.

14. Syphilis – 1 st Stage

15. Secondary Stage  lasts 3-6 weeks.  After the chancre comes a copper-colored skin rash which may appear on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or in more severe cases covers the entire body.  The rash may be accompanied by fever, headaches, indigestion, loss of appetite, or loss of hair in spots over the scalp.

16. Secondary Stage

17. Third Stage – Latent Period  All symptoms disappear so that the victim thinks he/she is cured.  If not treated, the bacterium remains in the body and begins to damage the internal organs including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.

18. Fourth Stage - Tertiary  The results of the internal damage from the 3 rd stage shows up many years later.  Ten, twenty, even thirty years after the initial infection - sudden heart attack, failure of vision, loss of motor coordination or mental disturbances.

19. Herpes  There are two types of herpes – Type I and Type II  Type I – Cold sores – not STDs!  Type II - STD

20. Herpes  Symptoms usually show 2-20 days after contact.  May be extremely painful or very mild.  “outbreaks” of blisters and ulcers.  Once infected with HSV, people remain infected for life.  Only 25% of infected people have signs/symptoms  Stress, bruising, chaffing, or a woman’s period may cause an onset of the disease.  Blisters on or around pubic area

21. Herpes

22. Symptoms  Usually the warts look like tiny cauliflowers, but sometimes they are flat.  The warts may cause itching, burning and some pain, but often don’t cause any pain at all.  They might be so small that you cannot see them.

23. Pubic Lice = Crabs  Pubic lice are called “crabs” because they look like crabs.  Crabs are frequently the color and size of small freckles. These very small lice (crabs) usually attack the sexual (pubic) areas of the body.  Spread through direct physical contact. Close body contact with an infected person.  SYMPTOMS: A terrible, persisting itch in the genital area.

24. Crabs – under microscope

25. Which is the worst STD? Why?

26. Prevention  Abstinence is the best way to prevent STDs.  Visit your doctor  Always check for signs  Keep clean!

27. Remember:  People who engage in premarital sex are nearly 50 percent more likely to divorce.  3 million teens contract an STD each year – some of which have no cure, are a leading cause of cervical cancer or can even lead to infertility.

28. HIV/AIDS  Human Immunodeficiency Virus  Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome

29. HIV/AIDS There are three main ways you get AIDS: 1) Sexual intercourse with an infected partner 2) Sharing drug needles and syringes with an infected person 3) An infected person has a baby; the baby may be infected, too.

31. HIV/AIDS  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).  AIDS is a deadly disease that interferes with the body’s natural ability to fight infection.  Opportunistic infection is an infection that rarely occurs in a healthy person. Ex. AIDs patients developing pneumonia that cause death.  Carriers are people who appear healthy but are infected with HIV and can pass it to others.  A blood test is the only way to know whether you have HIV or not.

33. Diagnosis & Treatment  You get diagnosed with AIDS through a blood test.  No cure for AIDS.  Treatment: Medicine slows HIV from growing and multiplying

34. HIV Statistics  HIV infection in humans is considered pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).  From its discovery in 1981 to 2006, AIDS killed more than 25 million people.  HIV infects about 0.6% of the world's population.  In 2009, AIDS claimed an estimated 1.8 million lives, down from a global peak of 2.1 million in 2004.  Approximately 260,000 children died of AIDS in 2009.  5 people aged 15-24 become infected with HIV every minute  95% of AIDS cases occur in developing countries, with nearly 70% of all cases in sub-Saharan Africa

35. How does HIV spread?  1. Sexual Contact with an infected person. Just one time is all it takes to spread the virus.  2. Sharing Needles of any kind, mostly through drug users but also there is a risk from getting a tattoo or body piercing because their needles may be unclean.  3. From mother to child either before or after delivery, or through breast-feeding.

36. How HIV is NOT Spread  Breathing the air  Being bitten by a mosquito  Swimming in a pool  Sharing Utensils  Donating blood  Hugging and shaking hands  Using the same shower, bathtub, or toilet as an infected person.

37. What’s the big deal?  AIDS is a pandemic (a disease widespread across the world)  Every hour, two Americans under age 20 are infected with HIV.  Even though there are treatments, most people with AIDS are too poor to pay for it.  HIV is killing people across the world  http://aidsprojectri.org/is-hiv-a-big-deal-anymore-2 http://aidsprojectri.org/is-hiv-a-big-deal-anymore-2