2. Biochemistry Notes

3. Biochemistry Biochemistry Study of science that explores how properties of CHEMICALS make life possible

4. Biochemistry Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds Compounds that do not contain carbon Compounds that do contain carbon All living organisms are made of carbon

5. Biochemistry Inorganic Compound  Water M ost important inorganic compound for living organisms E xcellent solvent P olar compound: opposite charges at each end of the molecule H igh heat capacity: can absorb and release a lot of heat/energy before changing temperatures

6. Biochemistry Organic Compounds  Carbon Carbon forms the structural backbone of all organic molecules. Can bond with 4 other atoms OR can bond with other carbons to form long chains or rings.

7. Biochemistry Organic Compounds  Monomers  Polymer Basic units that repeat over and over large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

8. Four major kinds of polymers (macromolecules)… 1)Carbohydrates 2)Lipids 3)Proteins 4)Nucleic acids Biochemistry

9. Biochemistry1)Carbohydrates  Used for  Basic Monomer Contain C, H 2, and O in the same ratio as in water EEnergy source (sugars and starches) SStructural and cellular support MMonosaccharide

10. Biochemistry Monosaccharide Simple sugars Glucose and Fructose Same molecular formula CC 6 H 12 O 6

11. Biochemistry DisaccharidePolysaccharide Double sugar molecule Largest carbohydrate Starch: Stored food (glucose) Sugar: Quick energy source

12. Biochemistry 2)Lipids * Basic Monomer * Basic Monomer Fats, Oils, and Waxes Contains C 2, H 2, and O 2 Insoluble in water Storage of energy Helps make up the cell membrane Glycerol + Fatty Acid

13. Biochemistry 3)Proteins *Basic Monomer *Basic Monomer Basic building material of all living things Examples: hair, nails, blood, muscle, skin Sources: egg whites, gelatin, meat Amino Acid

14. Biochemistry Amino Acids (aa) Each has a distinctive characteristic Same basic structure: Four groups attached to a central carbon atom AAcid Group (COO) AAmino Group (NH 3 ) HHydrogen Atom (H + ) ““R-Group”  Determines the amino acid

15. Biochemistry 20 different naturally occurring amino acids 110 produced by the human body Held together by peptide bonds Polypeptide: 3 or more amino acids bonded together

16. Biochemistry Enzymes They are proteins Like a key that fits into only one lock TThe lock is the substrate TThe key is the enzyme Active Site: Place where the enzyme and substrate bond Catalyst: Enzymes that speeds up a reaction

17. Biochemistry 4) Nucleic Acids *Basic Monomer *Basic Monomer Carry instructions for cellular activity Nucleotide

18. Biochemistry Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA Blueprint of instructions that get transmitted from generation to generation Found in the nucleus only (of eukaryotic cells)!!!

19. Biochemistry Ribonucleic Acid RNA Transfers and reads the instructions  then makes proteins Found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm

20. Biochemistry Three types of RNA:  mRNA  tRNA  rRNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA

21. Biochemistry There are four main bases in nucleic acids: But…in RNA, Thymine is replaced with… Adenine(A) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Uracil (U)

22. Biochemistry Now play the Jeopardy game (link on websites for Biochemistry webquest) Write out a summary of the question with the answer on your chart.