1. The Cold War and Society Ms. Underwood Prince of Wales Secondary Social Studies 11

2. Introduction  During the proceeding video, answer or define the following questions and terms:  4 different countries (and their relevance)  2 different people (and their significance)  MAD  Marshall Plan  3 socio-political-economic systems  Iron Curtain  Containment  Domino Effect

3. Time for Peace…  The League of Nations had failed to keep the peace after WW 1.  Had no military power.  Most influential members were not committed.  After WW2, there was a need for a new organization to keep the peace.  In 1945 the UN formed

4. The United Nations  50 countries met in San Francisco (including Canada).  Had four goals: 1. Keeping world peace and preventing new wars. 2. Encouraging cooperation among nations. 3. Defending human rights and helping to promote equality. 4. Improving the standard of living for all nations.

5. Canada and the UN  Played a key role in the drafting of the UN Charter.  In 1948, Canada received its own seat on the Security Council.  There are 5 permanent seats (Russia, US, Britain, France, China).  Canada has a non-permanent seat.  Active in peacekeeping efforts.

6. Start of a different kind of war…  The Cold War, a struggle of ideologies between the world’s two new super powers: US and Russia.  Fought using propaganda, espionage, and economic and political pressures.  The two countries did not fight in direct combat.  It was a fight for power and influence on a global scale.

7. Characteristics of the Cold War  Continual fear of a nuclear war.  Arms race.  Differing viewpoints on acceptable social, political, and economic philosophies. Democracy vs. Authoritarianism Capitalism vs. Communism  Fear of the spread of communism (Western perspective).

8. Ideological Differences  Western capitalist nations feared the part of communist ideology that was aimed at world revolution.  The Soviet Union feared being surrounded by capitalist countries (possible counter-revolution).

9. The Domino Theory  The US was concerned with the way that Stalin was able to quickly establish communist regimes in 6 countries (Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria) after WW2.  The Domino Theory implied that the rest of the countries in Europe would soon fall one by one to the Soviets.

10. Satellite States  The 6 countries that became communist under the Soviets were completely controlled by the Soviet Union. (Satellite States).  Winston Churchill declared that an Iron Curtain had fallen across Europe that divided communist and non-communist states.

11. Containment  In 1947 US declared the Truman Doctrine – to support free people around the world who were resisting subjugation (esp. people threatened by communism).  The policy of containment meant to halt or stop the spread of communism, by providing economic aid a military support.  The Marshall Plan offered billions of dollars in aid to war-torn European economies to help them resist communism.

12. Canadian Concerns  Igor Gouzenko asked for political asylum in Canada in return for giving the Cdn. Government documents that proved there were two spy rings in Canada.  The Red Scare: RCMP carried out inquires and investigations regarding potential communists in Canada.  Potential immigrants were denied entry.  Known communists were deported.

13. What about Germany?  Had been divided after WW2 into 4 zones controlled by the US, Britain, France and Russia.  US, Britain, and France joined their sectors together to form West Germany.  Stalin created the German Democratic Republic, later to be called East Germany.  A wall was built between the two sides.

14. The Berlin Wall

15. NATO  Creation prompted by the Berlin Blockade.  Soviet Union blocked transportation routes after a new currency was introduced in West Germany.  NATO formed in 1949 to provide mutual defence between member countries.  The Warsaw Pact was developed in response to NATO in 1955.

16. NORAD  Created in 1957.  North American Aerospace Defence  Radar stations were set up to detect Soviet Planes or missiles.  Three radar lines were constructed in Canada’s North to provide advance warning of a missile attack.  The DEW line, Mid-Canada line, and the Pinetree Line.

17. What is a COLD war?  Before you leave today, jot down a response to the question above.