1. World War I “The Great War” 1914 – 1918 An Introduction

2. Meanwhile in Europe… Europe was experiencing industrialization, growth, and urbanization, like that of the United States. France and Germany were wanting European leadership.

3. Protection Needed! European countries used treaties, or agreements in order to protect themselves from invading countries. All this growth caused some European countries to become greedy and hungry for more.

4. What is a treaty? A treaty is a formal agreement between two states/countries. In the case of World War I, European countries used treaties as a form of protection from invasion.

5. European treaties of support in case of attack ALLIES: France, Great Britain, and Russia, who had a separate treaty with Serbia. TRIPLE ALLIANCE: Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy, who later joined the Allies in 1915. CENTRAL POWERS: Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Middle East under the Turks).

6. So, what caused World War I? Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

7. Easy way to remember…. M = MILITARISM A = ALLIANCES I = IMPERIALSIM N = NATIONALISM

8. What is Militarism? Militarism is the development of a larger and stronger military to help defend that country from attack from another. In Europe, each nation wanted its military to be stronger than the other which could end up becoming a potential enemy. The growth of both nationalism and imperialism caused this buildup.

9. What are the Alliances? Alliances are those countries that signed treaties with each other in order to protect. In the case of World War I, the alliances became involved in the war if the country that was the ally was invaded.

10. What is Imperialism? Imperialism happens when one country has the power to colonize other countries. These colonies, such as Africa, are able to supply the imperial country with raw materials such as cotton, rubber, and oil. France, Germany, and Britain are examples of imperial countries.

11. What is Nationalism? Nationalism is having great pride and loyalty toward one’s country. It was growing throughout Europe in the 19 th Century. France and Germany showed their nationalism by insisting they should have European leadership.

12. And finally…the event that leads Europe to war The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, and his wife Sophie who were shot to death by Gavrilo Princip. Princip was a member of the secret society “The Black Hand” whose aim was to unite all Serbs, including those living in Bosnia, under one government.

13. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. The ill-fated couple arriving in Sarajevo, 28-Jun-1914.

14. Couple leaving Sarajevo City Hall moments before being assassinated. The Archduke and Duchess lie in state in Sarajevo

15. Funeral of the Archduke and his wife

16. Gavrilo Princip 1895 – 1918 Was spared the death penalty because of his age but died of tuberculosis at the age of 19, in prison.

17. Therefore… The set up for World War I

18. The Invasions July 28, 1914 – one month after the assassination, Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. Because Russia had a treaty with Serbia, Russia mobilized its armies on July 29 th. August 1 st – Germany, having a treaty of support with Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia. August 3 rd – Germany declared war on Russia’s ally, France. Great Britain, having a treaty with France, declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. Thus…the World War I, or The Great War, has begun.

19. The Leaders

20. President Woodrow Wilson

21. Kaiser Wilhelm II of German