1. Ch 20 2 nd Wave imperialism 1750-1900 Colonies

2. 1 st Wave Colonization Years Countries involved: Effects on native populations – Americas-Indian Ocean Causes and motivations: Adjacent colonization: 2 nd wave Colonization Years Countries involved: Effects on native populations Causes and motivations

4. Acquiring territories India- Indonesia- Africa-

5. Spanish American War- Thailand- Australia and New Zealand- Indochina-

9. Battle of Omdurman Around 10,000 Mahdists were killed, 13,000 wounded and 5,000 taken prisoner. Kitchener's force lost 47 men killed and 382 wounded, the majority from MacDonald's command. One eye-witness described the appalling scene: They could never get near and they refused to hold back... It was not a battle but an execution... The bodies were not in heaps—bodies hardly ever are; but they spread evenly over acres and acres. Some lay very composedly with their slippers placed under their heads for a last pillow; some knelt, cut short in the middle of a last prayer. Others were torn to pieces... [3] [3]

11. Who controlled what?

12. Use of Elites Educated natives replaced… Governance

13. Resistence Widespread but always crushed Indian Revolt of 1857

14. Differences Between European Empires and previous empires Racism Ability to penetrate into societies How empire building contradicted their own values

15. How work changed Before- After- – Forced Labor – Cash Crop Agriculture – Wage Labor

16. Forced labor Always for public works Congo Free State and rubber Netherland East Indies Unsuccessful in Mozambique. Why?

20. Cash Crop Pull of the Market Burma Vietnam Gold Coast

21. Wage Labor In European owned plantations Mines Cities

22. Settler Communities What is a settler colony? Algeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and South Africa – And? Native reserves

23. Women and the Colonial Economy Africa before- Africa after-cash crop – Increased workload for women Absentee men Women coped by: Some were able to prosper by: Some were impoverished by:

24. Assessing Colonial Development Jump start modern growth? Or exploitation and uneven growth? Definite –

25. Education Educated few (the benefits) Embracing of western ways Leading their countries toward modernization?

26. Religion Wide spread adoption-new Zealand, Pacific Islands, and non-Muslim Africa Attractions to the faith – Africanization of the Faith-

27. India Development of Hinduism Effect on Muslims

28. Race Development of the “African Tradition” – Edward Blyden Pan Africanism, but Booker T Washington, WEB DuBois, and Marcus Garvey

29. Tribe Most influential European influence Cities developed sense of tribe