1. The Age of Jackson p. 120

2. Today’s goal The US was now being politically divided by regional interests: industrial North; agricultural South. The issue of slavery grows as a major threat to national unity. Andrew Jackson is elected by an expanded electorate included common men who had not been allowed to vote before by their states. Tariffs, removing Indians so Whites can sell their lands, and The Bank of the United States figure strongly in Jacksons administration.

3. Vocabulary Emancipation The act of ending slavery Freeing a person from contractual bondage or slavery

4. Henry Clay Leader of the US House of Representatives (Kentucky) Proponent of the “American System”

5. American System Three-part economic plan of Henry Clay – Establishing a protective tariff Would raise prices on foreign goods making most Americans want to buy from American goods producers. – Recharting the National Bank – Sponsoring the development of transportation systems and other internal improvements in order to make travel (and trade) throughout the nation easier.

6. John C. Calhoun South Carolina representative Influential in getting southern representatives to vote for the Tariff of 1816 and renewing the charter of the National Bank. Many southern businessmen knew that a tariff would cause their foreign buyers, like France and Britain, to retaliate by raising tariffs on southern agricultural goods.

7. Missouri Compromise 1820-21 series of Congressional agreements dealing with US territorial expansion and whether slavery could be allowed. Maine would enter the Union as a free state. Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Any state created from the Louisiana Territory south of the 36˚30’ parallel could be slave states. Slavery was banned north of the line.

8. Andrew Jackson Elected US president in 1828 Considered a “common man” (all earlier US presidents had come from wealthy families) – Like many new male voters, Jackson was from the new, western part of the country and they related to him. Used the divisive election of 1824 to make John Quincy Adams look like a rich, corrupt election stealer. Jacksonians would eventually create the Democratic Party

9. John Quincy Adams Elected President in 1824, defeating Jackson Was in the same party as Jackson, but divisions caused Jacksonians to create a new party. Had a strong ally in Henry Clay Lost the next election because there were many new western voters allowed to vote who related more to Jackson.

10. EC Which party is very concerned today about the growing electorate of Latino voters? Why? The Republican Party – Republican leaders have made negative statements about Latinos Party is generally seen as supporting wealth and White people. – Party has promoted English as the official language – Party has promoted bills to limit immigration and aggressively seek out and deport illegal immigrants (only Latino illegals).

11. Jacksonian Democracy The idea that any man should be able to vote regardless of his socio-economic class. Also that they should participate in the government Jackson’s “spoils system” promoted this. – He replaced government officers who did not support him with his own supporters, many who were from lower class backgrounds. This increased his political popularity and control of the government.

12. Trail of Tears The forced marches of Cherokee families from Georgia to the Indian Territory (later called Oklahoma. Creek and Choctaw Indians were also removed for a total of some 44,000 people

13. John Tyler Became president when Whig president, William Henry Harrison died of pneumonia in 1840. Though he was a Whig, he was a former Democrat and opposed many goals of the Whig program.

14. Brief Response What was populist (benefitted more than the wealthy about Andrew Jackson’ era? What was elitist (benefitted the wealthy) about Andrew Jackson’s era?

15. hwk

16. p. 121, Analyzing Causes Farmers produced livestock or cash crops that they sold in urban markets. They purchased goods that had been manufactured in northern factories.

17. p. 122, Analyzing Motives The “American System” was supposed to unite the nation’s economic interests and promote economic independence for the nation.

18. p. 122, Summarizing Maine was admitted as a free state Missouri was admitted as a slave state The rest of the Louisiana Territory was split into two parts by the 36˚30’ parallel. – South of the line, slavery was legal – North of the line, slavery was banned.

19. EC Why was it such an issue to make sure that almost equal areas of land were allowed to have slavery or banned from having slavery? The southern states were especially concerned about losing votes in Congress. New states that allowed slavery would keep their voting power strong enough to prevent the Northern states from controlling the country.

20. p. 124, Analyzing Events The government tried to negotiate treaties that would force the Native-Americans to sell their lands and resettle in the West.

21. EC What is the political impact of Andrew Jackson’s reaction to John Marshall’s decision in the Worcester v. Georgia case? Jackson basically said he did not care what the Supreme court ruled and would not enforce it. “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!” Jackson basically broke the principle of “judicial review” and did what he wanted, which was force the Cherokee off their lands in Georgia and allow his friends to sell those lands for great profit.

22. p. 125, Geography Skillbuilder 1. Indian Territory 2. Many sickened and died on the journey Others completed the journey to find inferior land These events probably demoralized many Native-Americans.

23. p. 124, Making Predictions Some might argue that nullification would weaken federal authority and lead to disunion. Others might say that it would merely return proper authority to the states.

24. p. 126, Analyzing Motives He thought the National Bank was a tool of the upper classes and a threat to democracy.

25. p. 126, Analyzing Political Cartoons, 1. The cartoon portrays Jackson as a president who thinks that the Constitution is beneath him. 2. Jackson used his veto power over Congress far more often than his predecessors. – He also defied a Supreme Court ruling. The cartoon suggests Jackson’s behavior was more like a tyrant king than a president.

26. p. 127, Analyzing Causes “Wildcat Banks” printed paper currency in excess of the gold and silver necessary to back it up. Eventually, other banks stopped accepting that currency and the nation’s economy collapsed.

27. EC What Jacksonian policy guaranteed the Panic of 1837? Why? Dismantling the National Bank It was the only organization that supervised the nation’s banking system and had requirements that ensured the universal value of the currency.

28. p. 127, 3, Evaluating The Missouri Compromise and the nullification crisis opened debate on issues of nationalism and sectionalism The Missouri Compromise was a watershed in government action to retard the growth of slavery. The nullification crisis threatened to destroy the Union by raising the issue of states rights.

29. EC How do you see the United States? As one nation? nationalist As a nation of sections? sectionalist Explain your answer…..

30. p. 127, 4, Analyzing Issues Factors— Discrimination against Native-Americans US territorial expansion Jackson’s rejection of Worcester v. Georgia

31. Today’s goal (review) The US was now being politically divided by regional interests: industrial North; agricultural South. The issue of slavery grows as a major threat to national unity. Andrew Jackson is elected by an expanded electorate included common men who had not been allowed to vote before by their states. Tariffs, removing Indians so Whites can sell their lands, and The Bank of the United States figure strongly in Jacksons administration.