1. Russian Revolution

2. Before the Revolution Napoleon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Izw29EJvv-g

3. I. Pre-Revolutionary Russia Only true autocracy left in Europe No type of representative political institutions Nicholas II became Tsar in 1884 Believed he was the absolute ruler anointed by God Revolution broke out in 1905 --Russo-Japanese War (1904)

4. II. The Revolution of 1905 The creation of a discontented working class Vast majority of workers concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow Help from the countryside: poor peasants No individual land ownership

5. II. Revolution of 1905 Russia industrialized on the backs of the peasants Tremendous historic land hunger among peasants Real winners of the 1905 Revolution: Middle Class --Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets) --Duma

6. October Manifesto Soviets= Workers Council Leon Trotsky led the Mensheviks Expansion of Civil Liberties Limited Monarchy Legislature elected by universal Suffrage Legalization of Trade Unions and Political Parties

7. Alexander III Nicholas II OlgaMarie Alexandra, wife of Nicholas Tatiana Anastasia Alexei

8. Alexis: Alexandra’s Son with Hemophilia

10. IV. Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne Even more blindly committed to autocracy than her husband The influence of Rasputin over Alexandra Origins of Rasputin’s power Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy

11. VI. The Collapse of the Imperial Government Nicholas leaves for the Front— September, 1915 Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaos Alexandra and other high government officials accused of treason

12. VI. The Collapse of the Imperial Government (cont) Rasputin assassinated in December of 1916 Supposedly poisoned, shot, beaten and drowned Refusal to receive assistance of the Russian Middle Class Complete mismanagement of the wartime economy

13. The Romanov family was murdered at Yekaterinburg on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in March 1917, Nicholas and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the civil war developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to Yekaterinburg in the Urals. The Romanov family was murdered at Yekaterinburg on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in March 1917, Nicholas and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the civil war developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to Yekaterinburg in the Urals.The Romanov family was murdered at Yekaterinburg on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in March 1917, Nicholas and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the civil war developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to Yekaterinburg in the Urals. The Romanov family was murdered at Yekaterinburg on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in March 1917, Nicholas and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the civil war developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to Yekaterinburg in the Urals.The Romanov family was murdered at Yekaterinburg on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in March 1917, Nicholas and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the civil war developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to Yekaterinburg in the Urals.

14. Did Anastasia Survive? While skeletons of 3 of the Romanov girls there is a fourth skeleton missing. Many people claimed to be the princess. People love a mystery! http://www.youtube.com/u ser/kromeike?feature=mh w4http://www.youtube.com/u ser/kromeike?feature=mh w4

15. The legend of Anastasia and Anna Anderson Anderson and Anastasia had physical similarities. A foot deformity like Anastasia's. Anthropologists found their faces to be very similar. Historians generally agree this was NOT Anastasia Romanov.

16. What do these two have in common?

17. They’re both pickled!!! Lenin is still preserved today in an open tomb visitors can view daily. Lenin died in 1924 http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=FUkdZGeIsZUhttp://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=FUkdZGeIsZU

18. Seriously! The family of Lenin's embalmers states that the corpse is real and requires daily work to moisturize the features and inject preservatives under the clothes. Lenin's sarcophagus is kept at a temperature of 16 °C (61 °F) and kept at a humidity of 80 - 90 percent. The chemical used was referred to by the caretakers as "balsam", which was glycerin and potassium acetate.

19. Why pickle a guy? Millions of Russians have paid tribute to his tomb for 82 years. Today he is one of Russia’s most famous tourist attractions. Why was he so great?

20. Let’s Back Up Marxism Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto and Capital In a series of struggles between classes the lower class would seize power from the upper class If no Capitalism workers would work out of a sincere desire to help each other

21. Who are these people? Bolsheviks Marxist Led by Lenin Socialist party of elite militant revolutionaries would prevail Argued that the workers needed their leadership Mensheviks Marxist Believed Russia not ready for Socialism Believed in a gradual approach Organized workers towards greater class consciousness

22. 1917 Revolution Causes Stolypin Duma World War I Rasputin Effects Women Mutiny Abdication of the Tsar Takeover by Lenin

23. Bolsheviks in Power Lenin orders all farmland to be distributed among the peasants and gave control of the factories to the workers

24. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk The Bolsheviks sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany Russia had to surrender a large chunk of territory to Germany The land contained a large portion of Russia’s population and industry. The terms of the treaty caused widespread anger

25. Civil War The Bolshevik opponents form the White Army Leon Trotsky commanded the Bolshevik Red Army Around 15 million Russians died in the civil war from 1918-1920 The Red Army won

26. Lenin’s Economic Reforms War and revolution destroyed the Russian economy Lenin launched the New Economic Policy or NEP Lenin put aside his idea for a state-controlled economy and resorted to a small scale version of capitalism. The government still kept control of major industries and banks

27. Lenin’s Political Reforms Lenin organized Russia into several self-governing republics under the central gov’t The country was named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Bolsheviks renamed their party the Communist Party They created a constitution based on socialist and democratic principles, but the Communist party had total control

28. v. Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist who wanted support for a worldwide revolution against capitalism Stalin (left) wanted to work on socialist views in Russia first Stalin put his supporters into top jobs and isolated Trotsky in his own party

29. Stalin v. Trotsky cont… Trotsky was stripped of party membership and fled into exile in 1929 He was later murdered in Mexico by an agent working for Stalin

30. Stalin becomes Dictator Stalin was cold, hard and impersonal After forcing Trotsky out Stalin focused on Russia’s development He used the phrase “socialism in one country” to describe his aims of perfecting a Communist state

31. Stalin’s Totalitarian State Stalin transformed Russia into a Totalitarian state Totalitarianism described a gov’t that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life Totalitarian leaders appear to provide a sense of security and give direction for the future

32. Stalin’s Economic Reforms Lenin’s NEP was a mixture of free enterprise and state control Stalin’s economic policy called for total state control He called for a command economy, which is a system where the government makes all economic decisions

33. USSR’s Industrial Revolution In 1928, Stalin outlined the 1 st of many five-year plans for development of the USSR’s economy The five-year plans set unrealistic quotas to increase the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity

34. USSR’s Industrial Revolution cont… To try and reach these unrealistic quotas, the gov’t limited consumer production People faced shortages of housing, food, clothing and other goods The gov’t controlled every aspect of the worker’s life, which took a toll on peoples personal lives From 1928-1937, industrial production increased by 25%

35. Agricultural Revolution In 1925, the gov’t seized 25 million privately owned farms The gov’t combined them into collective farms Peasants resisted the gov’t and Stalin used terror and violence to force the peasants to work

36. Agricultural Revolution The kulaks, a wealthy class of peasants, resisted heavily and the gov’t executed them or sent them into exile By 1938, more then 90% of peasants lived on collective farms and agricultural production was twice what it had been in 1928

37. Weapons of Totalitarianism 1)Police Terror Dictators of totalitarian states uses terror and violence to force obedience Monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informers Lavrent Beria (right): head of secret police

38. Weapons of Totalitarianism In 1934, Stalin launched the Great Purge, a campaign of terror that was directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power When the Great Purge ended in 1939, Stalin gained total control of both the Soviet government and the Communist Party

39. Weapons of Totalitarianism 2) Indoctrination and Propaganda Totalitarian states rely on indoctrination or instruction on the govt’s set of beliefs, to mold people’s minds Party leaders lectured workers and peasants on the ideals of communism The State supported youth groups and used them as training grounds for future party members

40. Weapons of Totalitarianism Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified the achievements of Communism and Stalin Soviet Realism was an artistic styles that praised Soviet way of life

41. Weapons of Totalitarianism 3) Censorship Stalin would not tolerate individual creativity that threatened conformity Gov’t controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio and other sources of information

42. Weapons of Totalitarianism 4) Religious Persecution Communists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of Communism The Russian Orthodox Church was the main target of persecution Roman Catholics and Jews were also persecuted

43. GULAGS Soviet Forced Labor Camps

44. Daily Life for Women Under Stalin With the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, women won equal rights Women had new educational opportunities, but were still responsible for their household duties Women were supposed to provide the state with future generations of obedient citizens

45. Education The government controlled all education from nursery school to the university School children learned the virtues of the Communist Party They party also set up youth programs called Komsomols