2. Energy Balance and Body Composition Studying = 1 or 2 kcalories/minute

3. Energy Balance

4. Food Composition Bomb calorimeterBomb calorimeter

5. Food Composition Direct calorimetry vs. indirect calorimetryDirect calorimetry vs. indirect calorimetry Physiological fuel valuePhysiological fuel value

6. Food Intake HungerHunger AppetiteAppetite SatiationSatiation SatietySatiety

7. Food Intake

8. Overriding hunger and satietyOverriding hunger and satiety –Stress eating Sustaining satiation and satietySustaining satiation and satiety –satiating

9. Sustaining satiation and satiety –lower-fat foods can be eaten in larger portions for the same number of kcalories Food Intake

10. HypothalamusHypothalamus –Neuropeptide Y

11. Thermogenesis Basal thermogenesisBasal thermogenesis Exercise-induced thermogenesisExercise-induced thermogenesis Diet-induced thermogenesisDiet-induced thermogenesis Adaptive thermogenesisAdaptive thermogenesis

12. Components of Energy Expenditure

13. Basal metabolismBasal metabolism Basal metabolic rate (BMR)Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Resting metabolic rate (RMR)Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

15. Components of Energy Expenditure Physical activityPhysical activity

18. Components of Energy Expenditure Thermic effect of food (TEF)Thermic effect of food (TEF) Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)

19. Estimating Energy Requirements GenderGender GrowthGrowth AgeAge

20. Estimating Energy Requirements Physical activityPhysical activity Body compositionBody composition Body sizeBody size

21. Body Weight, Body Composition, and Health Body compositionBody composition Body weight = fat + lean tissue (including water)Body weight = fat + lean tissue (including water)

22. Defining Healthy Body Weight The criterion of fashion: BMI of Miss AmericaThe criterion of fashion: BMI of Miss America

25. Defining Healthy Body Weight The criterion of healthThe criterion of health Body mass index (BMI)Body mass index (BMI) =weight (kg)/height (m) 2

26. BMI Values Used to Assess Weight

27. Distribution of Body Weights in U.S. Adults

28. Body Fat and Its Distribution

29. Some people need less body fatSome people need less body fat Some people need more body fatSome people need more body fat

30. Body Fat and Its Distribution Fat distributionFat distribution –Intra-abdominal fat –Central obesity

32. Body Fat and Its Distribution Waist circumference-according to some...if it’s anything over 35”, it’s too much!Waist circumference-according to some...if it’s anything over 35”, it’s too much!

33. Body Fat and Its Distribution Other measures of body compositionOther measures of body composition –Fatfold measure –Hydrodensitometry –Bioelectrical impedance

34. Body Fat and Its Distribution Other measures of body compositionOther measures of body composition –Air displacement plethysmography –Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

35. Methods Used to Assess Body Fat

36. Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat Health risks of underweightHealth risks of underweight Health risks of overweightHealth risks of overweight

37. BMI and Mortality

38. Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease DiabetesDiabetes

39. CancerCancer Fat and fit versus sedentary and slimFat and fit versus sedentary and slim

40. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again The claims and truths of diet fadsThe claims and truths of diet fads

43. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsHigh-protein, low carbohydrate diets –The diet’s appeal

44. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsHigh-protein, low carbohydrate diets –Don’t count kcalories –Satisfy hunger –Follow a plan –Limit choices

45. The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsHigh-protein, low carbohydrate diets –Too much fat –Too much protein –Too little everything else –The body’s perspective