2. Chapter Menu Lesson 1: The Pulmonary- Circulatory System
Lesson 2: Pressure and the Body
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

3. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
pulmonary system
breathing
lungs
pneumonia
suffocation
asthma
circulatory system
atrium
ventricle
artery
capillary
vein
heart attack
stroke
heart

4. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
The Pulmonary System
Our pulmonary system contains tissues and organs specialized for:
Taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from out bodies
Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

5. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Breathing
Breathing is the process of air entering and exiting our lungs.

6. Breathing (cont.) The trachea forks into two branches called bronchi.
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Breathing (cont.)
The trachea forks into two branches called bronchi.
The bronchi are connected to the lungs—the organs of the pulmonary system.

7. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Breathing (cont.)
The bronchi divide into bronchioles, which are further divided many times into alveoli.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the alveoli.
The air that now is high in carbon dioxide is exhaled and flows out in the reverse path.

8. Problems in the Pulmonary System
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Problems in the Pulmonary System
We cannot live without air.
Cells combine food and oxygen to produce energy.
Problems in the pulmonary system prevent oxygen from reaching the lungs.

9. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Pneumonia
Caused by contact with mucus from an infected person or the introduction of bacteria or viruses from the mouth and throat into the lungs
One of the leading causes of death in the U.S.

10. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Suffocation
Suffocation occurs when the lungs and body do not receive enough oxygen.
Causes of:
Choking
Children with blankets or plastic bags covering their faces
Gases such as carbon monoxide

11. Asthma A disease of the airways to the lungs
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Asthma
A disease of the airways to the lungs
Most common long-term disease in children
Triggers include air pollution, smog, and ozone
Normal bronchiole
Constricted bronchiole

12. The Circulatory System
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
The Circulatory System
Oxygen, food, other nutrients, and waste products are transported to and from cells by blood.
The circulatory system contains the heart and blood vessels, and transports blood throughout the body.
Circulatory System

13. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Blood
Blood is a tissue that contains many different substances, including cells.
Blood is 55% plasma.
Plasma is 90% water.
The remaining 10% is ions, proteins, and other substances.

14. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Blood (cont.)

15. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Heart
The heart is the organ of the circulatory system that pumps blood.
The atria (singular, atrium) are the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood.
The ventricles are the two lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart.

16. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Heart (cont.)
Deoxygenated blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle, the lungs, the left atrium, the left ventricle, and to the body.

17. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Heart (cont.)

18. Blood Vessels Blood travels to and from the heart in vessels.
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Blood Vessels
Blood travels to and from the heart in vessels.
Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart to organs of the body.
Arteries branch into smaller vessels called capillaries, which deliver oxygen and nutrients to the organs.

19. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Blood Vessels (cont.)
The capillaries transport carbon dioxide and wastes, then join with larger vessels that carry the blood on its return path.
These vessels connect to larger vessels called veins that carry blood to the heart.

20. Blood Vessels (cont.) All blood vessels have the same structure.
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Blood Vessels (cont.)
All blood vessels have the same structure.
Inner lining: thin, flat layer of cells where the blood and the vessel wall meet
Next layer: connective tissue followed by a layer of smooth muscle
Final layer: connective tissue that contains nerves and supplies the larger vessels with nutrients

21. Problems in Circulatory System
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Problems in Circulatory System
Circulatory system problems prevent oxygen from reaching cells and can lead to health problems and death.
Cardiovascular disease are the diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular disease causes more than half the deaths in the U.S.

22. Problems in Circulatory System (cont.)
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Problems in Circulatory System (cont.)
Risk factors include:
being overweight
a diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol
smoking
high blood sugar
physical inactivity
consuming too much alcohol

23. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs if the coronary arteries cannot supply enough blood to the heart.

24. Stroke A stroke is the death of brain tissue.
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Stroke
A stroke is the death of brain tissue.

25. Exchanges Between the Pulmonary and Circulatory Systems
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Exchanges Between the Pulmonary and Circulatory Systems
The air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries must be able to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide freely.

26. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Gas Exchange
Perhaps the most important exchange between the pulmonary and circulatory systems is gas exchange in the lungs.
No energy is required—the gases move from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.

27. Exchange in the Lungs Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries.
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Exchange in the Lungs
Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries.
When the level of carbon dioxide in your lungs becomes great enough, you exhale without thinking.

28. Exchange in the Lungs (cont.)
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Exchange in the Lungs (cont.)
Respiration and breathing are not the same.
Respiration uses oxygen and food to produce energy.
Breathing is the physical process of inhalation and exhalation.

29. Preventing Problems in the Pulmonary and Circulatory Systems
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
Preventing Problems in the Pulmonary and Circulatory Systems
Family history, or genetics, partially determines your risk.
However, a healthy lifestyle is the best way to prevent cardiopulmonary problems.

30. What two branches does the trachea fork into? A lungs B brachia
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
What two branches does the trachea fork into?
A lungs
B brachia
C bronchi
D bronchioles
Lesson 1 Review

31. What is the term for the iron-containing proteins in red blood cells?
10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
What is the term for the iron-containing proteins in red blood cells?
A platelets
B plasma
C hemoglobin
D ions
Lesson 1 Review

32. 10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System
What type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart to organs of the body?
A arteries
B capillaries
C veins
D ventricles
Lesson 1 Review

33. End of Lesson 1

34. 10.2 Pressure and the Body
pressure
hypertension
shock

35. What is pressure? Pressure is the amount of force per unit area.
10.1 Pressure and the Body
What is pressure?
Pressure is the amount of force per unit area.
Many different units are used to measure pressure—mmHg, psi, Pa.
Deflated tire with very low pressure
Inflated tire with full pressure

36. 10.1 Pressure and the Body
Changing Pressure
Pressure increases as you increase the amount of force applied to a constant area.
Pressure increases as you decrease the size of the area to which a constant force is applied.
The equation for finding pressure is:

37. Pressure in the Pulmonary System
10.1 Pressure and the Body
Pressure in the Pulmonary System
When you inhale, air is pulled into your lungs, not pushed.
The volume of the lungs is expanded, and the pressure in the alveoli decreases.

38. Pressure in the Pulmonary System
10.1 Pressure and the Body
Pressure in the Pulmonary System

39. Pressure in the Circulatory System
10.1 Pressure and the Body
Pressure in the Circulatory System
Without pressure, blood vessels would not be able to transport blood to all tissues.
The heart is a muscle that contracts.
When the heart contracts, the volume inside the chamber decreases.
Blood is forced out of the chamber and the chamber gets smaller.

40. Pumping in One Direction
10.1 Pressure and the Body
Pumping in One Direction
It is important for blood to move in one direction as the heart pumps.
The contractions of the heart muscles create areas of greater and lesser pressure, pumping blood through the heart.

41. Pumping in One Direction (cont.)
10.1 Pressure and the Body
Pumping in One Direction (cont.)
Continuous surges keep the blood moving through the arteries.

42. Problems with Blood Pressure
10.1 Pressure and the Body
Problems with Blood Pressure
Normal
Hypertension is a dangerous rise in blood pressure caused by blockages in or the hardening of blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension is a disease caused by genetic and environmental factors.
Stress Inactivity
What factors affect the likelihood of hypertension?

43. Problems with Blood Pressure (cont.)
10.1 Pressure and the Body
Problems with Blood Pressure (cont.)
Shock is a condition in which a large amount of blood is lost, usually in a short period of time.
Under some circumstances such as internal bleeding, blood leaves the vessels and blood pressure decreases.
The heart is not able to pump blood to all tissues without pressure.

44. How is blood pressure measured? A millimeters of mercury
10.1 Pressure and the Body
How is blood pressure measured?
A millimeters of mercury
B pounds per square inch
C grams per square millimeter
D pascal
Lesson 2 Review

45. When is air pulled into the lungs?
10.1 Pressure and the Body
When is air pulled into the lungs?
A when pressure in the alveoli increases
B when the pressure in the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure
C when the chest cavity contracts
D when the diaphragm moves upward
Lesson 2 Review

46. Which of the following does not contribute to hypertension? A genetics
10.1 Pressure and the Body
Which of the following does not contribute to hypertension?
A genetics
B a diet high in cholesterol
C lack of exercise
D a diet low in salt
Lesson 2 Review

47. End of Lesson 2

48. Chapter Resources Menu
Chapter Assessment
California Standards Practice
Concepts in Motion
Image Bank
Science Online
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

49. What is the term for the muscle below your rib cage which contacts and relaxes as you breathe?
A pharynx
B larynx
C trachea
D diaphragm
Chapter Assessment 1

50. What term describes fragments of cells in your blood?
A white blood cells
B hemoglobin
C platelets
D plasma
Chapter Assessment 2

51. Which is not a risk factor for heart disease? A smoking
B physical activity
C high blood sugar
D being overweight
Chapter Assessment 3

52. A increase in the amount of force applied
How have you changed the pressure on your body if you change your position from lying down to standing up?
A increase in the amount of force applied
B increase in the size of the area to which a force is applied
C decrease in the amount of force applied
D decrease in the size of the area to which a force is applied
Chapter Assessment 4

53. A hardening of the blood vessels B internal bleeding
What is shock?
A hardening of the blood vessels
B internal bleeding
C loss of blood and blood pressure
D a genetic and environmental disease
Chapter Assessment 5

54. SCI 5.b
What occurs if coronary arteries cannot supply enough blood to the heart?
A stroke
B heart attack
C asthma
D pneumonia
CA Standards Practice 1

55. What is the name of the smallest blood vessels? A veins B alveoli
SCI 5.b
What is the name of the smallest blood vessels?
A veins
B alveoli
C arteries
D capillaries
CA Standards Practice 2

56. SCI 5.b
What disease is characterized by the build up of thick fluid in the lungs?
A pneumonia
B heart attack
C stroke
D asthma
CA Standards Practice 3

57. What prevents the backflow of blood?
SCI 6.j
What prevents the backflow of blood?
A contractions of the heart muscle
B the atria
C valves
D constant pumping
CA Standards Practice 4

58. Where does blood from the lungs go to? A right atrium B left atrium
SCI 6.j
Where does blood from the lungs go to?
A right atrium
B left atrium
C right ventricle
D left ventricle
CA Standards Practice 5

59. Concepts in Motion 1

60. Concepts in Motion 2

61. Image Bank

62. Image Bank

63. End of Resources