1. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Phylum Bryophyta
Liverworts
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Bryophyta

2. The Organism as a Unit of Life
Looking Back at Bio 115
The Organism as a Unit of Life
Cellular Structure (cell = unit of life)…one or many!
Metabolism = Homeostasis (PSN, Resp, N2fix, ferment, etc.)
Growth = irreversible change in size
Reproduction…failure = extinction
Acclimatization-short term responses = behavior
Adaptation-long term responses = evolution

3. Multicellular Animals
Shifting Kingdoms
Lumpers
Splitters
Plantae 2 3 5 6 8
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
Archezoans
Euglenoids
Chrysophytes
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Red algae
Slime Molds
True Fungi
Bryophytes
Tracheophytes
Protozoans
Myxozoans
Multicellular Animals

4. How Many Kingdoms? Extant 8 5 3 Extinct 2 Long Time with 1
Multicellular Animals
Myxozoans
Protozoans
Tracheophytes
Bryophytes
True Fungi
Slime Molds
Red algae
Brown Algae
Green Algae
Chrysophytes
Euglenoids
Archezoans
Archaebacteria
Bacteria 8 5 3
Extinct 2 1
Long Time with
Prokaryotes only
Original Cell

5. Bryophytes
Although they have no true xylem or phloem and do reproduce sexually with spores….
Never any doubt about their status as plants
Cellulose walls glued together with pectin
Chlorophyll a and b, xanthophylls, carotenoids
Store starch
Standard plant chloroplasts, mitochondria, golgi, etc.
Diplohaplontic (sporic) life history
Oogamous gametes
Do have conductive tissue: hydroids and leptoids
500 species
Two Major Classes:
Hepaticopsida (liverworts)
Musci (mosses)

6. Marchantia polymorpha
Haploid (1N) gametophyte thallus has photosynthetic chambers with chimney cells for gas exchange.
The thallus grows in notches at thallus ends.
In some seasons produce gemmae cups (cupules) that contain tiny gemmae for asexual reproduction of gametophyte.
Beneath thallus, uniseriate rhizoids anchor to substrate.
Marchantia polymorpha
Thallose liverwort

8. http://www. hiddenforest. co

9. Generalized Sporic (diplohaplontic) Life Cycle
In the gametic (diplontic) shortcut the product of meiosis becomes a gamete (no multicellular haploid)
In the zygotic (haplontic) shortcut, the zygote undergoes meiosis (no multicellular diploid)
SYNGAMY
gametes
zygote
mitosis
germination
gametangia
mitosis
differentiation
differentiation
Gametophyte 1N 2N
Sporophyte
differentiation
differentiation
mitosis
sporangium
germination
mitosis
spores
sporocyte
MEIOSIS

10. Generalized Sporic (diplohaplontic) Life Cycle
SYNGAMY
gametes
zygote
mitosis
germination
gametangia
mitosis
differentiation
differentiation
Gametophyte 1N 2N
Sporophyte
differentiation
differentiation
mitosis
sporangium
germination
mitosis
spores
sporocyte
MEIOSIS