1. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi

2. How Many Kingdoms? Extant 8 5 3 Extinct 2 Long Time with 1
Archaebacteria
Archezoans
Multicellular Animals
Protozoans
Green Algae
Bryophytes
Slime Molds
Myxozoans
Bacteria
Euglenoids
Chrysophytes
Brown Algae
Red algae
Tracheophytes
True Fungi 8 5 3
Extinct 2 1
Long Time with
Prokaryotes only
Original Cell

3. Fungal Cladogram Phylum: Ascomycota Basidiomycota Zygomycota
Peziza
Neurospora
Sordaria
Saccharomyces
Polyporus
Agaricus
Phallus
Rhizopus
Pilobolus
Mucor
One other taxon: Deuteromycota is artificial as sexual stages are unknown for these species. They are likely Ascomycota.
To Animalia, etc.

4. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi Phylum Basidiomycota

5. Basidiomycota: Amanita virosa (the destroying angel mushroom)
amatoxin: digestive upset, fever, 2 days, improve 3 days, coma, death
pileus
lamellae
= gills
annulus
= ring
stipe
= stalk
volva
= cup

6. 4 basidiospores atop basidium
Life Cycle of Agaricus
This dikaryotic mycelium is composed of septate hyphae. It proliferates in the substrate (soil, rotting wood, etc.) and can live this way for weeks, years, decades, even centuries! Under the correct conditions, the dikaryotic mycelium forms basidiocarps. These will have hyphal tips forming a layer (a hymenium) on gills (or other surfaces). The apical cells are called basidia.
dikaryotic mycelium
plasmogamy
cap = pileus
SYNGAMY
zygote
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
sporangium
sporocyte
spores
gametangia
gametes
germination
mitosis
differentiation 1N 2N
MEIOSIS
stalk = stipe
gills = lamellae
ring = annulus
septate
hypha
cup = volva
basidium 2N
karyogamy
meiosis
4 meiotic products extruded from basidium
4 basidiospores atop basidium
Whether this is a zygotic or a sporic life cycle depends upon your interpretation of whether or not the dikaryotic mycelium and basidiocarp is a sporophyte.

7. Basidiomycota: Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) mushroom
ibotenic acid, muscimol hallucinogenic near lethal dose
Passage through urine stream
Smurf
Homes?

8. Basidiomycota: Coprinus comatus (inky cap) mushroom
Fall mushroom, edible as long as you do not drink alcohol at the same meal. Alcohol converts an innocuous compound into a toxin.
Distinctive cylindrical pileus with shaggy coverage. Also called the shaggy-mane mushroom

9. A Fairy Ring of Mushrooms: a dikaryotic mycelium producing an ever-larger circle of basidiocarps at it edge. Can you tell how the lawn responds? Why does it respond this way?

10. Basidiomycota: Boletus a large polypore (sponge) mushroom
The pores are lined with basidia producing basidiospores

11. Basidiomycota: Phallales Phallus impudicus
Mutinus caninus

12. Dictyophora duplicata
Clathrus archeri

13. Basidiomycota: Psilocybe cubensis
These “magic mushrooms” contain psilocybin, a mescaline-class hallucinogen
Growing in natural setting
Dry “for sale”

14. You asked about sucralose (Splenda™)…
This molecule is fundamentally sucrose with 3 hydroxyl groups replaced by chlorine…
CH2OH
CH2Cl Cl O O OH OH O
CH2Cl OH OH
600 times less needed and is
excreted without metabolism (0 cal)
Adapted from: