1. Classical Civilizations

2. Cyrus the Great First King of Persia Captured Babylon in 539 BCE
Reputation for Mercy
Cyrus’ son: Cambysees, conquered Egypt,
Darius, next ruler, conquered Indus River

3. Open Society Incorporated different cultures
Encouraged trade throughout empire
Freedom of Religion

4. Persian Empire: Administration
Satrapy: Province in Persian Empire
Satrap: Provincial Governor
Royal Road: road which stretched from one end of the empire to the other

5. Royal Road

6. Persian Empire: Religion
Zoroastrianism
Founder: Zoroaster
Holy Book: Zend Avesta
God: Ahura Mazda
Dual Forces:
Good: Spenta Mainyu
Bad: Agra Mainyu

8. Greece

9. Greece: Origins Minoans: Original Greek speaking kingdom
Island of Crete

10. Mycenaeans Group of people from Central Asia
Settled in mainland Greece

11. Greek Colonies

12. Governments City-States Athens: Direct Democracy
Sparta: Absolute Monarchy

13. Greek Culture
All city states shared same culture, language, and religion

14. Athens Direct Democracy: all citizens vote on all issues
BUT: “Citizens” were only men who owned property
Trading Economy
Strong navy

16. Sparta
Absolute Monarchy: King has complete control over the entire country
Entire city-state created around being a soldier
Best soldiers the world has ever seen
Women had more rights
Economy based on Agriculture
Helots: slaves who worked the land

17. Persian Wars

18. Phalanx Greek army formation
Men standing next to each other with interlocking shields with spears

19. Back to Persian Wars
Battles:
1. Marathon
2. Thermopylae
3. Salamis

20. 1. Marathon (August 490 BCE) Persians attack Greece Persians:
600 ships
20,000 infantry and cavalry
Greece (mostly Athens)
10,000 infantry
Greek Hoplites

21. Persian Soldiers
Average Persian soldier
Immortals

22. 2. Thermopylae (480 BCE)
Xerxes (next king of Persia) wanted revenge for Marathon
,000 soldiers invade Greece
7,000 Greek soldiers
300 Spartans

23. Thermopylae today

24. Held off Persian Army for 7 days

25. Battle of Salamis Athenian citizens escape to island of Salamis
Persians go after them with ships

26. Greece must unite
Who will lead them?

27. Peloponnesian Wars
Persians are defeated, but they will be back

28. Athens Vs. Sparta Delian League (Athens) Sparta and Allies
Alliance between Athens and other Greek city-states
Sparta and Allies
Tried to unite all of Greece by military conquest

30. WAR!!!
Athens Vs. Sparta
Sparta needs help
Who will assist them?

31. Eventually Sparta wins, but at great cost
Cannot conquer Greece, lost too many soldiers
Greece is peaceful but greatly weakened

32. Leads to new Conquest

33. Philip II of Macedonia
Macedonia: outside kingdom that adopted Greek culture, language, and religion
Philip II: Conquers all of Greece and unites them into 1 army
Plans to invade Persian Empire
Assassinated before being able to