1. FIRST AID
Presented By:
A. K. Mishra
PGT-Geography
JNV, Koraput

2. Essential Question????? WATCH OUT THE VEDIO
What can be done between an accident and arrival of doctor?
Post your answer in the message board in introduction page.

3. DEFINITION- FIRST AID OBJECTIVES
Measures to be taken immediately after an accident not with an idea to cure but in order to prevent further harm being done.
-Encyclopedia Britannica
OBJECTIVES
To preserve life.
To prevent the victim’s condition from worsening.
To promote recovery.

4. BE CALM- DO NOT PANIC GOALS OF FIRST AID Golden Rule of First Aid:
Restore and maintain vital function like Air passage, Breathing and Circulation
To prevent further injury
To reassure the victim and make him or her comfortable.
Golden Rule of First Aid:
BE CALM- DO NOT PANIC

5. ASSESSING THE VICTIM CIRCULATION Recovery position BREATHING
AIRPASSAGE
RESPONSE
DANGER

6. ASSIGNMENTS What are the objectives of a First aider?
Post your Answer in the group activity page of First Aid project in
What are the objectives of a First aider?
What is the golden rule of First aid?
How to check circulation?
Why to check danger before providing first aid to a patient?
Name the steps to be followed for assessing the victim for first aid.

7. RESEARCH BOOKS WEB LINKS Prathmic Chikitsa in Oriya
Search through the following books in the library and web links to find out important information about First Aid……..
BOOKS
Prathmic Chikitsa in Oriya
Common First Aid in English
WEB LINKS
com.au
com
org.au

8. SURVEY It’s a group activity. The moot point here are……..
Objectives of Survey.
Whom to survey?
Procedure to be Adopted?
Procedure to be Adopted?
Whether to prepare
Questionnaire?
Points to be included in
Questionnaire?

9. INTERVIEWING
The following question needs to be answered before proceeding for interview?
Whether go for pre-structured questionnaire or Participatory appraisal?
Whom to survey?
Whether it should be a sample survey or a whole survey?
Division of work among groups.

10. DIVISION OF WORK GROUP – A GROUP – B GROUP - C GROUP – D
The members of
This group will
Conduct survey
Of the class
VI and VII
GROUP – B
The members of
This group will
Conduct survey
Of the class
VIII and IX
GROUP - C
The members of
This group will
Conduct survey
Of the class
X and XI (Hum)
GROUP – D
The members of
This group will
Conduct survey
Of the class
XI (Sc) and XII

11. proper first procedure followed?
QUESTIONNAIRE
Lets prepare questionnaire keeping the objectives in mind. Find out the points on which the survey to be conducted..
Ailment faced?
Age of the victim?
Danger points?
Who helped?
proper first procedure followed?

12. QUESTIONNAIRE

13. BLEEDING Abrasion Incision Puncture Laceration Amputation Internal
External
Internal
Abrasion
Incision
Puncture
Laceration
Amputation

14. Wash the wound with clean water.
EXTERNAL BLEEDING
HEART
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARY
Blood move
around body
under pressure
from heart.
Damage to it
Bright red colour
blood spurt
with each
heart beat
Damage to it
darker red colour
blood tend
to flow
Damage to it
bright red colour
blood and
Oozes.
Wash the wound with clean water.
Apply pressure over it to check bleeding.
Apply bandage.
Monitor consciousness, pulse and breathing.
Apply roller bandage in penetrating object without removing it.

15. Treatment: If conscious, lie the casualty down with legs elevated.
INTERNAL BLEEDING
Bleeding from anus, ears, lungs, stomach, intestines, under the skin, urinary tract etc.
Visible
Conceal
Pale face, thirst, rapid & weak pulse, pain or discomfort, nausea or vomiting, shock
Treatment:
If conscious, lie the casualty down with legs elevated.
If unconscious, recovery position and elevate the legs

16. NOSE BLEEDING AMPUTATION
Pinch the fleshy part of the nose.
Treatment
Lean casualty slightly forward.
Apply cool, compress to nose.
AMPUTATION
Treat as for Bleeding from wound.
Collect the amputated part, keep it dry, DO NOT wash or clean
Placed it in iced water, DO NOT allow amputated part to come in direct contact with ice.

17. SHOCK
It is a severe life threatening condition should be treated with top priority.
Causes:
Loss of Blood
Abdominal em
Emergencies
Loss of Body
Fluid
Heart Attack
Sepsis or Toxicity

18. Assessment of the Patient
Observation
Healthy
Shocked
Skin Condition
Pink, warm,dry
Pale, cold, wet
Conscious State
Alert and aware of time and place
Altered, confused, aggressive
Pulse Adult Child Infant
Per Minute 60 – – – 160
Rapid – above upper limits
Respiration Adult Child Infant
Per Minute 12 – – – 30
SIGN &
SYMPTOMS
Pale, cool, clammy skin & thirst
Rapin, shallow breathing & rapid, weak pulse
Nausea and Vomiting
Loss of body fluids or high temp if sepsis
Progressive ‘shutdown of body’s vital function

19. Treatment of the Patient
CONTROL ANY
BLEEDING
IF CONSCIOUS:
LIE THE CASUALTY WITH ELEVATED LEGS
IF UNCONSCIOUS:
RECOVERY POSITION WITH ELEVATED LEGS
MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE
TREAT ANY INJURY

20. BURN & SCALDS TYPES OF BURN
Burn are injuries that damage and kill skin cells.
Scalds are caused by contact with wet heat such boiling fluid, stream etc.
TYPES OF BURN
Superficial
Full Thickness
Partial Thickness

21. DOS DON’TS CARE & TREATMENT Cool the burn only with clean water.
Cover with a clean, non-stick sterile dressing
Remove tight clothing and objects. e.g. ring, necklace etc.
Treat for shock if the burn is severe.
Avoid contamination in any form
Seek medical aid if the burn size if larges then your palm, child or chemical burn etc.
DON’TS
Break Blisters.
Attempt to remove bitumen form the skin or eyes.
Use lotions or cream.
Have excessive cooling resulting in shivering

22. FRACTURE
There are 206 bones in the human body.
The skeleton hold our skin up.
Bones acts as factories for essential blood cells through bone marrow.
It is the integral part of body strength.
Some bones have protective function (skull) , some have supportive function (Pelvis), other associated with muscles, nerves and blood vessels.

23. TYPES OF FRACTURE Direct Indirect Spontaneous Green Stick Causes of
OPEN
CLOSED
COMPLICATED

24. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Pale , cool, clammy skin Associated wound
Rapid, weak pulse
Pain at the site
Tenderness
Loss of Power to limb
Associated wound
Associated Organ Damage
Nausea
Deformity.
Care & Treatment
Immobilize the affected limbs.
Adequate splinting the injury
Check circulation after splint or sling
Absent of pulse, pale appearance, lack of warmth, swelling are sign of tight bandaging.

25. FRACTURE ARM/ COLLAR BONE
Check for pulse in the hand
Treat any wound
Pad bony prominences
Secure splint above and below fracture.
Reassess pulse
Apply appropriate sling
Adjust bandage or sling if required

26. Check for pulse in the leg. Treat any wound. Immobilise the limb.
FRACTURE OF LEGS
Check for pulse in the leg.
Treat any wound.
Immobilise the limb.
Pad bony prominences.
Reassess circulation below injury
Adjust bandages if required.

27. Check for pulses in both legs. Bend legs at knee
FRACTURE PELVIS
Call 102 for ambulance.
Check for pulses in both legs.
Bend legs at knee
Support both hips with folded blankets
Discourage attempts to urinate.
Adjust bandages if required.
Care must be exercised as it my leads to serious complication.

28. It is a common injury in sports
FRACTURE JAW
It is a common injury in sports
Pain in the jaw, unable to speak properly, trouble in swallowing are some of the sign and symptom.
Call 102 for ambulance
Sit the casualty leaning slightly forward
Rest the injured jaw on a pad held by the casualty.
Observe breathing carefully.

29. It involves the displacement of bone from a joint.
DISLOCATION
It involves the displacement of bone from a joint.
Sign & Symptoms
Sudden pain in the affected joint
Loss of power and movement
Deformity and swelling of the joint
Tenderness
Temporary paralysis of the injured limb.
Care & Treatment
Support the limb in comfortable position.
Seek medical aid.
Any attempt to reduce a dislocation is to be made by doctor only.

30. SPRAIN
It involves the over-extension of a joint, usually with a partial rapture of ligament.
Sudden pain, loss of power, bruising, swelling, tender etc are signs & symptoms.
Treat the patient with RICE
Seek medical aid.
STRAIN
It involves over-stretching of the major muscles or tendons.
Pain increasing on movement, audible crack sound, discernible gap between muscle & bone, tenderness, swelling etc
RiCE, Avoid stretching for 24 hr
BRUSING
It is bleeding by damaged blood vessels below the skin.
History of a blow, pain, tenderness, swelling, discolouring,
RICE, After four hours, gentle exercise.
RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevate the injured part.

31. SPINAL INJURY
The spinal column consists of a series of interconnected bones, called vertebrae, which enclose the spinal cord, an integral part of central nervous system.
Parts of Spinal
Column:
Cervical Spine (neck), 7 vertebrae
Thoracic Spine (Chest), 12 vertebrae
Lumber Spine (back), 5 Vertebrae
Fused Vertebra of the sacrum
A Small Vertebra called Coccyx

32. Sign & Symptoms History of trauma Pulse my be fast or slow
Any injury to the spinal cord has serious ramification like Quadriplegia, paraplegia, chronic back pain etc. Its sign & symptoms are:
History of trauma
Pulse my be fast or slow
Pale, cool, clammy skin
Absent of feeling in limbs
Absence of pain in limbs despite of injury
Inability to move arms
Onset of shock

33. Care & Treatment Clear air passage with out moving head.
Call 102 for ambulance.
Maintain body temperature
Extreme care during initial examination.
Immobilise the victim with bandages.

34. ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES
Formative Assessment
Summative Assessment
Authentic Assessment.
A rubric is a scoring guide that clearly differentiates levels of student performance. It provides a clear description of quality student work and serves as a guide for students as they work to meet or exceed performance standards

35. Critical Thinking Essential Question: Provocative Open-ended
Challenging
Related to Life and Experiences
Consistant with curriculum Standard
Significant

36. Project Based Learning
Lunching Project
Milestones
Planning Resources
Direct Instruction
Assessment
Capturing Artifacts
Celebrating Completion

37. THANKS