1. IDs / Definitions Mein Kampf Nuremberg Laws 1935 Policy of Appeasement
Anschluss
lebensraum
Kristallnacht
Concentration Camp system
Munich Pact
10-Year Non-Aggression Pact (Soviet Union and Germany)
Allied Powers / Axis Powers
Blitzkrieg
Stalingrad / El Alamein / D-Day
V-E Day / V-J Day
Nuremberg Laws Laws against the marriage between Germans and Jews to prevent mixing of bloodlines. Also revoked citizenship of Jews.
Policy of Appeasement- Policy taken by the West (France and Britain) to give in to Hitler’s demands in order to avoid European War.
Anschluss – Idea of unification of Austria and Germany
Lebensraum- Hitler’s call for more living space for the German speaking peoples at the expense of “inferior” Slavs.
Kristallnacht- Pogroms carried out against the Jews of Nazi Germany during 1938
Concentration Camp system- Employed by the Nazis to house enemies of the Reich and Jews in order to use them for slave labor or extermination.
Munich pact- Agreement between Britain, France and Germany to cede the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia to Germany.
10-Year Non Agression pact- Secret agreement between Hitler and Stalin that when Hitler invaded Poland that the USSR would do nothing to intervene.
Allied Powers/Axis powers- The Allied powers consisted of the western countries and the Axis was Germany, Italy and Japan.
Blitzkrieg- lightning war strategy used by Germany.
Stalingrad / El Alamein / D-Day- Three decisive battles won by the Allies that turned the tide of the war between 1942 and 1943.
V-E Day / V-J Day- Allied nations occupy Germany/Atomic bombs dropped on Japan.

2. Questions and Imperatives
How did Adolf Hitler deal with the Churches of Germany? The Jews? The Versailles Treaty?
Discuss the step-by-step progress of Hitler taking over the nations of Europe.
How did the Allied nations plan to deal with WWII?
Can the force of ideas sustain a civilization under attack? (Class discussion)
Hitler dealt with the churches by appointing one bishop for the Reich and he formed an agreement with them to allow them to continue to freely practice. In return the churches kept silent throughout the persecution of Jews and the genocide. Hitler instituted a multi-step plan to erase the Jews from the Reich and Europe in general. His plans became harsher as time went on. First he stripped them of citizenship, then forbade them to have sexual relationships with non-Jewish Germans. After the Kristallnacht many had fled. However those remaining were formed into ghettos and then sent to concentration camps were extermination and forced labor followed.
Hitler began by annexing the country of Austria and completing Anschluss. Next in order to increase the Lebensraum he retook the Sudetenland with the Munich Pact and eventually annexed a large portion of Czechoslovakia. In 1939 Hitler invaded Poland and annexed it. After Poland he took Norway and Denmark, followed by the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Finally he invaded France with Italy and had gained a grasp of much of Europe along with some other Slavic countries. He continued to bomb Great Britain and began his invasion of Russia. The attacks on both of these countries never resulted in full annexation.

3. January 30, 1933 President Paul von Hindenburg names Nazi party Leader, Adolf Hitler the new Chancellor of Germany.

4. Hitler named Chancellor
January 1933
Why
What followed
Burning of Reichstag
Enabling Act
Dachau

7. Dachau
First concentration camp established for enemies of the Reich – outside Munich, open March 22, 1933

8. Hitler deals with the Churches
Reich Concordat
German Christians
Confessing Church

9. Hitler deals with the Jews
Hitler’s “war against the Jews”
April 1, 1933 boycott
Jews lose jobs
Jews limited in higher education
Jewish immigrants lose citizenship
Some Jews leave Germany

10. “War” against the Jews
April 1, Boycott of all Jewish stores

14. War Against the Jews 1935 Nuremburg Laws 1938 Kristallnacht
“War” moves beyond Germany
Disenfranchise
Dehumanize
Expropriation
Concentration
Annihilation

15. Nuremberg Laws
The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor
prohibited marriages and extramarital intercourse between "Jews” and "Germans"
Prohibited the employment of "German" females under forty-five in Jewish households
The Reich Citizenship Law
those of German blood (Aryan) are German citizens
Not Aryan = state subjects
Not Aryan, cannot fly flag of the Reich

17. Mussolini in Italy
Mussolini sends troops to discourage Hitler from annexing Austria in 1934
Mussolini was “active” in Europe, tried to tell other European nations that he could not always be the one to
control problems
(e.g. Hitler’s attempts
to expand)

18. “Third Reich”
1934 is rather quiet for the Jews, think that Hitler cannot last, but
Hindenburg dies in August and Hitler becomes the Führer, the leader, he names his new reign the “Third Reich”

19. 1935
( ), about 1/10 of the Jews leave Germany, and of those about 1/3 return because they find anti-Semitism strong in other countries
Loss of jobs
Persecution / murders
Nuremberg Laws
March 1935, Hitler reimposes peacetime conscription throughout Germany, building up troops (against the Versailles Treaty), secret rearmament had been going on since 1933
May, Jews excluded from the armed forces
July, pogrom in Berlin, Jews beaten and shops destroyed

20. Strange Bedfellows?
January 7, 1935, Mussolini and Laval sign French-Italian agreement in Rome, French agreeing to give Italy a free hand in Ethiopia
Mussolini had colonial ambitions, Italy had been defeated by the Ethiopians in 1890s and Mussolini wanted to conquer them
Ethiopian Emperor said if you don’t watch it, Europe will be next
G.B. not happy with the Fr-It agreement and when Italy moved on Ethiopia, G.B. imposed economic sanctions and condemned Italy
by the end of the year, foreign ministers of G.B. and Fr suggested a compromise such that Italy would receive 2/3 of Ethiopia
not well received and Mussolini decided Italy could stand alone against the world, war took place in Ethiopia
Hitler supported Mussolini with supplies, at the same time making his own moves
Mussolini appreciated Hitler’s help
Rome-Berlin Axis (Axis powers)

23. 1936
March, Hitler remilitarizes the Rhineland (against the Versailles Treaty)
OLYMPICS IN GERMANY
November, Germany/Italy form a military alliance and Germany/Japan sign a pact
she has to be good, look good to the outside world; Jews can take a breath

27. 1937
Buchenwald concentration camp opened, again for those opposed to the Reich

29. 1938
MARCH - the ANSCHLUSS
Hitler wanted the union (Anschluss) of Austria with Germany (failed in 1934)
Hitler pressure Chancellor Schuschnigg of Austria for union, but…
Hitler moves his troops to the border which causes Schuschnigg to resign (Austrian Nazi to take his place as Chancellor - Seyss- Inquart)
German troops march into Austria greeted by cheering crowds (not the Jews)
Great Britain at this point followed a policy of appeasement (P.M. Chamberlain knew that the Austrian union was coming and accepted it)
Mussolini, who had kept Hitler from Austria in 1934 now congratulated him (Mussolini realized the strength of the Third Reich and could not have opposed it anyway)

32. Jews of Austria What German Jews experienced in 5 years,
Austrian Jews experienced in days
In August, Adolf Eichmann established “Zentralstelle fuer juedische Auswanderung”
Jews begin to emigrate

33. 1938
SUDETENLAND:
Hitler wanted German speaking Sudetenland (3 million people) of Czechoslovakia
after the Anschluss, Sudetenland question again arose
France had a treaty with Czechoslovakia to help protect her, but G.B. would not support France
threats and discussion went back and forth, Czechoslovakia did not want to give up this region
September - discussions

34. Against the Versailles Treaty
: secretly rearming
1935: remilitarizes the Rhineland
1935: outwardly rearming
takes back land
POLICY OF APPEASEMENT

35. Munich Pact
P.M. Chamberlain did not want to provoke Hitler in to war and was ready to appease again in the situation of the Sudetenland
Munich Conference held in September attended by Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini, and Daladier...German would annex the Sudetenland and agreed to guarantee Czech borders
Czechoslovakia had to comply
Chamberlain went back to G.B. proclaiming “peace in our time”...thought he could trust Hitler, that Hitler was done...NO NO NO...but G.B. did begin to rearm (not quite that trusting)

40. 1938
NOVEMBER 9,10 – KRISTALLNACHT

42. Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia – Early 1939

43. 1939
CZECHOSLOVAKIA:
March, Czech president called to Germany and threatened by Hitler and Goering
President Emil Hacha surrenders Czechoslovakia
G.B. does not now think so highly of Neville Chamberlain
Europe began to realize that Poland would be Hitler’s next target
Chamberlain assured the Poles that G.B.
and France would protect her
Hitler planned to attack Poland in
September
May, Hitler and Mussolini concluded a
military alliance, “Pact of Steel”
named by Mussolini: each would come
to the other’s aid in the event of war

45. Summer 1939 RUSSIA: Hitler did not want a two-front war
in August, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a ten-year non-aggression pact also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Treaty)
Russian foreign minister Molotov and German foreign minister Ribbentrop
It contained a secret protocol that divided Poland between the two nations
IRONY??

46. German and Soviet Union sign 10-year non-aggression pact in August 1939

49. World War II Begins September 1, Germany invades Poland Blitzkrieg??
Britain and France declared war on Germany, September 3
Soviet forces attacked from the east on September 17
Poland taken in less than one month (surrender on September 27), ceased to be an independent nation
Poland carved up between Soviet Union and Germany (annexed), with a section set off as the Government General occupied by a Nazi government

52. Treatment of Jews
before Poland even surrendered in the war, Jews were humiliated across Poland
on the Jewish “Day of Atonement,” Jews were forced to dance, labor…some had their beards shaved off, were beaten, property destroyed
story of Piotrkow, Poland: Jews forced to relieve themselves in the synagogue and clean up the mess with their prayer shawls and Holy Books
height of harsh treatment on Jewish Holy days, but humiliation and ill-treatment throughout

53. Partitioning of Poland
In October (1939), Germany annexed Poland’s western and northern region to the Third Reich
The Soviets took the eastern portions
The middle section, the heartland of Poland, which included the cities of Krakow, Lublin, and the capital, Warsaw, became a German colony known as the Generalgouvernement
Poland’s population in 1939 was about 33 million with 10 per cent Jews (3.3 million)
2 million of these Jews were now in Nazi occupied territories
Nazis soon begin deportations of Jews from Western and Northern regions of Poland to the Generalgouvernement

55. 1940-1941 Germany into West Europe England?? America??
Troops in North Africa
Attack on Soviet Union
Pearl Harbor

59. 1942-1943-1944 Wannsee Conference Germany thrown on the defensive
Stalingrad
El Alamein
Plans for D-Day
D-Day

61. 1945 War is ending Death marches back toward Germany
3 deaths in April 1945
FDR died at his home in Georgia April 12
Mussolini and mistress killed while trying to flee April 28
Hitler committed suicide in Berlin bunker April 30
V-E Day, May 7, 1945
Allied nations occupy Germany
Allies plan to converge on Berlin together, but?????
Potsdam Conference

62. WWII ends! April 1945 V-E Day, May 7, 1945 V-J Day, August 15, 1945
FDR died at his home in Georgia April 12
Mussolini and mistress killed while trying to flee April 28
Hitler committed suicide in Berlin bunker April 30
V-E Day, May 7, 1945
Allied nations occupy Germany
V-J Day, August 15, 1945
Enola Gay, Hiroshima (“little boy”)and Nagasaki (“fat man”)
Death toll reached 140,000

66. DISCUSSION QUESTION: What should we learn from the regime of “Hitler?”