1. Colonial America

2. The Early English Settlements
Essential Question:
Why did the English settle in North America?

3. The Early English Settlements
Main Idea
After defeating the Spanish Armada, England became more and more interested in establishing colonies in North America.

4. Lost Colony of Roanoke
1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh claims Roanoke Island for Queen Elizabeth
1587 – Raleigh sends John White, 91 men, 17 women and 9 children to Roanoke
When English ships return 3 years later, all Colonists have disappeared

5. The Lost Colony of Roanoke

6. Lost Colony of Roanoke
For a time, the failure of the Roanoke colony discouraged others from planning English colonies in North America
However, the idea emerged again in 1606.
Several groups of merchants sought charters, documents granting the right to organize settlements in an area, from King James I.

7. The Virginia Company Joint Stock Company
Investors bought stock, or part ownership, in the company in return for a share of its future
Settlers in America were to search for gold and establish trade in fish and furs
1607 – 144 settlers entered Chesapeake Bay and name their new settlement Jamestown

8. Jamestown

9. Jamestown Survives Colonists faced hardships of disease and hunger
Colony survives the first 2 years because of 27 year old Captain John Smith
Experienced explorer
Forced settlers to work
Sought corn from Native Americans led by chief Powahatan

10. d

11. Jamestown Winter of 1606-1610 known as “the starving time”
Fighting breaks out with Native Americans
Finally, colonists begin to make money for investors by growing tobacco
Relations with Native Americas improve when John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powahatan

12. Jamestown

13. The House of Burgesses Virginia Colony government
Burgesses meet to make local laws for the colony
1619 – First meeting of the House of Burgesses
1624 – King James cancels the Virginia Company charter and makes Jamestown the first royal colony in America.

14. Why did the English settle in North America?
They hoped to profit from resources found in America

15. New England Colonies Essential Question:
Why did the Separatists and Puritans leave England and settle in North America?
Read passage in notes!

16. The Pilgrims’ Journey
Some Separatists in the Netherlands made an arrangement with the Virginia Company
Separatists could settle in Virginia and practice their religion freely
In return, they would give the company a share of their profits
Only 35 of 102 passengers on board the Mayflower in 1620 were Pilgrims

17. The Mayflower Compact
Colonists on Mayflower drop anchor in Cape Cod Bay
Before going ashore, the Pilgrims drew up a formal document
Pledged their loyalty to England
Necessary step in the development of representative government in the new American colonies

18. Mayflower Compact
Read and complete questions that follow.

19. Help From the Native Americans
First winter in America – Nearly ½ the Pilgrims die of malnutrition, disease and cold
Spring – the befriend two Native Americans (Squanto and Samoset)
Showed pilgrims how to grow corn, beans and pumpkins
Helped them to make peace with Wampanoag
The two groups lived in harmony

20. New Settlements: New England Colonies
In 1625, Charles I became the king of England. Charles objected to the Puritans’ calls for reform in the Anglican Church. Persecution of Puritans within the country increased. As a result, some Puritans wanted to leave England.

21. Massachusetts Founded by Massachusetts Bay Company
Governor John Winthrop
Puritans chance to create a new society based on the Bible

22. Massachusetts Growth and Government
1630s – more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times in England
At first, John Winthrop and the colony’s stock holders known as “The General Court” made the laws

23. Massachusetts Growth and Government
1634 – Settlers demanded a bigger role in government
The General Court became an elected assembly
Adult male church members were allowed to vote for the governor and for representatives
What does this tell you about their society?

24. Massachusetts
Puritans came to America to put their religious beliefs into practice. However, they had littler toleration for other religious beliefs. They criticized and persecuted people of other faiths. This lack of toleration led people to form new colonies in neighboring areas.

25. Connecticut
Dissatisfied with the way the Massachusetts Colony was run, the towns of Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield were established in the Connecticut wilderness
They adopted a plan called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
First written constitution in America
Described the organization of representative government in detail

26. Rhode Island
Founded by Roger Williams who believed in religious toleration and believed it was wrong to take land from Native Americans
Received charter for Rhode Island in 1644
First place in America where people of all faiths could worship freely (including Jews!)

27. Conflict with Native Americans
Settlers move onto Native American land without payment or permission
English settlers and the Native Americans compete fiercely for land throughout entire period
Eventually, settlers and their Native Americans allies defeat the Wampanoag
Now the colonists are free to expand their settlements

28. Making Connections
What did the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut have in common?
Both provided organization in the form of gov’t
Why did the Separatists and Puritans leave England and settle in N. America?
Separatists: Escape persecution but maintain their religious values and English way of life
Puritans: Escape persecution and establish a new society based on their religious beliefs.

29. Middle Colonies Essential Question
How did the Middle Colonies develop?

30. England’s Colonies
1660 – England has two clusters of colonies in America
North: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island
South: Maryland and Virginia
Between the two groups was land controlled by the Dutch

31. Dutch Main settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island
Center of trade and shipping due to its seaport
Dutch East India Company offers large estates to anyone bringing at least 50 settlers to New Netherland
Why do you think New Netherland, later New York, was a valuable colony?

32. England Takes Over
English want to acquire the valuable Dutch colony of New Netherland
1664 – English fleet attacks New Amsterdam
Unprepared Dutch governor surrenders the colony quickly
English King Charles II gives colony to the Duke of York

33. New York Colony Proprietary Colony New York has a diverse population
Proprietor owns all land
Proprietor controls government
New York has a diverse population
German, Dutch, Swedish, Native American, Jewish

34. New Jersey
Proprietors Lord John Berkley and Sir George Cateret wanted to attract settlers. They offered
Large tracts of land
Freedom of religion
Trial by jury
Representative Assembly
Ethnically and religiously diverse
With no major ports, it was difficult for proprietors to make money

35. Pennsylvania
If given a choice, would you take land or money for a debt that someone owed you? Why?
1681 – William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker, received land as payment for a debt owed by King Charles II
William Penn saw Pennsylvania as a chance to put his Quaker ideals into practice

36. Quaker “Society of Friends” Believed everyone was equal
People could follow their own “inner light” to salvation
Pacifists
Considered a threat in England and were persecuted

37. Delaware
Swedes had settled in Southern Pennsylvania before English took over
Charter of Privileges allowed these lower counties to form their own legislature
These counties operated as a separate colony under Pennsylvania’s governor

38. Essential Question Answer the Essential Question
How did the Middle Colonies develop?
NY: Thriving Dutch colony seized by the English; Major port; Proprietary Colony, Diverse population
NJ: Land and freedom offered to attract settlers; Diverse population; lacked major port so less profitable; Became royal colony
PA: Established under Quaker ideals; Welcomed diverse immigrants; Constitution; elected legislature
Delaware: lower part of VA; settled by Swedes; Allowed to function as separate colony

39. Southern Colonies Essential Question
How and why did the Southern Colonies grow?

40. Establishing Maryland
Sir George Calavert, Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics
King Charles I gave him a proprietary colony north of Virginia
Calavert dies, his son Cecilius inherits the colony and sends his two brothers to Maryland in 1634

41. Maryland Cecilius gave large estates to English aristocrats
Enslaved People in the Colonies
Maryland
Cecilius gave large estates to English aristocrats
As the number of plantations grew, more workers were needed
The colony imported indentured servants and enslaved Africans
Enslaved people in the Colonies
Year
North
South
Total
1650
880
720
1600
1670
1,125
3,410
4,535
1690
3,340
13,389
16,729
1710
8,303
36,563
44,866

42. Bacon’s Rebellion
While other colonies were being founded, Virginia continued to grow
Settlers moved west and settled Native American lands
1640s – Virginia governor, William Berkley made a pledge with the Native Americans to avoid conflict
Native Americans gave Berkley large piece of land
Berkley would keep settlers from pushing farther into their territory
Showed that settlers would not be limited to the coast.

43. Bacon’s Rebellion
Some western Virginians resent Berkley’s agreement to stay out.
Bacons army marches to Jamestown and drives Berkley into exile
1676: Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter in western Virginia, led attacks on Native American villages
1640s: Berkley makes pledge with Native Americans to avoid conflict
England recalled Berkley and sent troops to Virginia to restore order
October 1676: Bacon dies suddenly

44. The Carolinas and Georgia
In 1633, King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina. The king gave the colony to eight nobles who had helped him regain his throne. The proprietors set up estates and sold or rented land to settlers brought from England.

45. Northern Carolina Grew tobacco, sold timber and tar
Lacked a good harbor
Used Virginia’s ports to conduct trade

46. Southern Carolina Fertile farmland Harbor at Charles Town (Charleston)
Trade in deerskin, lumber and beef thrived

47. Northern and Southern Carolina
Two crops came to dominate Carolina agriculture
Rice
Indigo
1719 – Settlers in Southern Carolina seized control from its proprietors
1729 – Carolina became two royal colonies – North and South Carolina

48. Georgia Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe
Intended as a colony where debtors or poor people could make a fresh start
Also set up as a barrier to Spanish Florida
Settled by hundreds of poor British, religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews
Oglethorpe give colony to king in 1751

49. Making Connections Who was John Locke and what did he do for Carolina?
English philosopher who wrote Carolina’s constitution
Why did demand for enslaved workers increase in the Southern colonies?
The number of plantations increased as more settlers arrived, increasing the need for a cheap source of permanent labor

50. Answer the Essential Question
How and why did the Southern colonies grow?
Use chart in notes