1. Chapter 8 Developing Learning Communities
Language and Learning Style

2. Focus Questions Do you remember learning how to talk?
Think about a time when someone didn’t understand you. What did you do to help them understand you?
What is the difference between an accent and a dialect?
What is an appropriate distance to stand when talking to someone?
What do you think about bilingual education?

3. Characteristics of a Learning Community
Organized for activity
Everyone participates
Collaborative relationships
Building communities of learners
Alternate assessments

4. Language Acquisition
Language is the first institution- objectifies, interprets, and justifies reality for the child.
External, objective, has the power of moral authority and is historical

5. Verbal Communication Accent- the way words are pronounced
Dialect- variation of some standard language form that includes differences in pronunciation, word usage, and syntax
Black English(Ebonics)
Rural English
Mountain English
Standard English
Bidialectalism- refers to the ability to speak two or more dialects.
American Sign Language

6. Nonverbal Communication
Body movements and facial expressions
50%-90% of messages we send/receive
Functions
Convey messages
Augment verbal communication
Contradict verbal communication
Replace verbal communication
Proxemics- distance between people
Kinesics- body movements
Paralanguage- sounds

7. Learning Styles Field independent Field dependent
Abstract, analytical, individualistic, prefers working alone, intrinsically motivated
Field dependent
Well-developed social skills, perceives globally, observational approach to learning, extrinsically motivated
Multiple Intelligences

8. Bilingual Education History
1839- Ohio passes first bilingual education law
1920s- WWI fears lead to English-only laws
1968- Title VII Bilingual Education Act
1974- Lau vs. Nichols
1981- limited English proficient (LEP)
1990s- backlash

9. Second-Language Acquisition
English Language Learners (ELLs)
Silent/receptive/preproduction stage
Early production stage
Speech emergence stage
Intermediate language proficiency stage
Advanced language proficiency stage

10. Ethical Issues
Curriculum
Assessment
Globalization