1. Socializing the Individual
CHAPTER 5
Socializing the Individual
Section 1: Personality Development
Section 2: The Social Self
Section 3: Agents of Socialization

2. SECTION 1
Personality Development
Question:
What four main factors affect the development of personality?

3. Personality Development
SECTION 1
Personality Development
heredity:
physical traits, aptitudes, inherited characteristics, biological
drives
birth order:
if they have siblings and, if so, order of birth compared to
him or her
Factors
that Shape Individual Personality Development
parents:
parental char-acteristics, such as age, education, religion, and economic
status
cultural environment: determines the basic personality types found in
a society

4. Question: What theories explain the process of socialization?
SECTION 2
The Social Self
Question:
What theories explain the process of socialization?

5. The Social Self SECTION 2 Name Process of Socialization Theory
The Tabula Rasa: Each person is a blank slate at birth, with no personality. People develop personality as a result of their social experiences. Moreover, infants can be molded into any type of person.
John Locke
Charles Horton Cooley
George Herbert Mead
The Looking-Glass Self: Infants have no sense of person or place. Children develop an image of themselves based on how others see them. Other people act as a mirror, reflecting back the image a child projects through their reaction to the child’s behavior.
Role-Taking: People not only come to see themselves as others see them but also take on or pretend to take on the roles of others through imitation, play, and games. This process enables people to anticipate what others expect of them.

6. Question: What role does mass media play as an agent of socialization?
SECTION 3
Agents of Socialization
Question:
What role does mass media play as an agent of socialization?

7. Mass Media as a Socialization Agent
SECTION 3
Agents of Socialization
Mass Media as a Socialization Agent
 Mass media include books, films, the Internet, magazines, newspapers, radio, and television.
 Television probably has the most influence on children.
 The effect of television on children is an ongoing debate.

8. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 5
1. How has the nature-versus-nurture debate evolved?
2. What do social scientists believe are the principal factors that influence personality development?
3. What does research on children reared in isolation indicate about the effects of the cultural environment on social and psychological development?
4. What is the role of self in the socialization process?
5. According to Cooley, how does a person’s sense of self develop in early childhood and when does this process end?
6. Identify the primary agents of socialization in the United States.