1. 1949 China Turns Communist

2. 1962 Cuba Turns Communist

3. 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
The end of the world as we know it?

4.
Korean War

5.
Vietnam War

6. 1989 COLD WAR ENDS
DISSOLUTION (or breaking apart)
of the Soviet Union

7. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle
U.S. & other Western Democracies
USSR & Eastern Bloc Nations
GOAL  spread world-wide Communism
GOAL  “Containment” of Communism and spread of Capitalism worldwide
How the war was fought:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples
Proxy Wars

8. Who started the Cold War?

9. Fragile Alliance During WWII
U.S. upset Stalin had signed the nonaggression pact with Germany in 1939.
Stalin blamed the Allies for not invading Nazi occupied Europe earlier than 1944.

10. Yalta Conference (Feb 1945): The Beginning of the Cold War?
Leaders of U.S., Britain and Soviet Union met in Yalta to discuss post WWII plans.
They agreed
to divide Germany into occupation zones controlled by Allied military forces.
to make Germany pay the Soviet Union for the loss of life and property.
the Soviet Union would join the war against Japan.
Eastern European countries would have free elections. (U.S. is skeptical of Stalin’s promise)

11. Soviets Build a Buffer, 1945
Soviet Union wanted to shield itself from another invasion from the West (Poles 17th c, Swedes 18c, French 19c, Germans 20c)
Stalin ignored the agreement made during the Yalta Conference and installed communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland and Yugoslavia.
Europe was divided between the Democratic Capitalist West and the Totalitarian Communist East.

12. Prime Minister of Great Britain
“Iron Curtain Speech”
Prime Minister of Great Britain
Winston Churchill
“From Stettin in the Baltic, to Trieste in the Adriatic,
an iron curtain has descended across the continent.”
Winston Churchill, 1946
In his speech, Churchill stated that
Europe was divided into two hostile
camps. Stalin viewed Churchill’s
speech as “a call to war with the
Soviet Union.”

13. The U.S. would give money and aid to countries threatened
Truman Doctrine, 1947
The U.S. would give money and aid to countries threatened
by communist expansion.
Led to a U.S. policy of containment, trying to keep communism within its existing borders.
U.S. gave $400,000,000 of aid to Greece and Turkey.

14. The Marshall Plan, 1947
To help Europe recover from WWII, the U.S. Secretary of State, George Marshall, came up with a plan to provide economic aid to countries who needed it.
The hope was that giving food, machinery, and other materials to countries would prevent the spread of communism.
The Soviets saw this as a trick on the part of the United States to BUY support, and declined aid.

15. Germany is Divided
After WWII Germany (and the city of Berlin) were divided into four sections
Each of the Allies controlled a section
Eventually West Germany unified as one country
East Germany remained under the control of the USSR

16. Berlin Blockade and Airlift
The Soviets protested the unification of France, Great Britain, and the U.S.’s occupied areas. They set up a blockade of West Berlin.
Not allowing any trucks, ships or trains in to bring supplies to the 2 million residents.
The Western powers decided to start the Berlin Airlift – for 10 months supplies and food were flown by U.S. & British planes from West Germany into West Berlin.
USSR eventually lifted blockade.

17. Military Alliances -Both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. wanted
security so they created new alliances.
U.S. and western European countries joined together to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or (NATO).
U.S.S.R joined with eastern European countries in an alliance called The Warsaw Pact.
NATO, 1949
Warsaw, 1955

18. Who started the Cold War?