1. Questions
1. Why does a presentation on GLDA focus on the detergents industry? 2. What is wrong with the traditional chelating agents? 2

2. Questions
1. Why does a presentation on GLDA focus on the detergents industry? What is wrong with the traditional chelating agents?
Traditional Chelates are > 80% used in detergents 5

3. Restrictions on EDTA & NTA in detergents
Use of EDTA is prohibited in some countries and is restricted in others in the EU due to its slow biodegradability
in 30% of German surface water > 10 ppb EDTA
Use of NTA is restricted and poses a PR risk for the detergent producer due to the classification & labeling: 6

4. Labeling of NTA USA : carcinogenic category 2B
Hazard statement: Possibly carcinogenic to humans
EU: carcinogenic category 3
Phrase (R40): Limited evidence of carcinogenic effects
Japan: under the new GHS (= global harmonized system): carcinogenic category 2
Hazard statement: Suspected of causing cancer
also labeled with the mutagenic statement:
May cause genetic defects
China plans to introduce GHS in 2008 (copy/paste Japan?) 7

5. Labeling of NTA
Japan: picture new GHS label: 8

6. Restrictions in EU on NTA in detergents
UK: voluntary agreement not to use NTA in household detergents
France: prohibited by law to use in household detergents (in France)
Sweden: near elimination from household detergents (early 1990s)
Swiss: labeling for detergents >0.2%
Germany: no restrictions (seen as alternative for EDTA)
EU: detergent regulation (2004) enforces labeling when >0.2% NTA
(will also control I&I detergents)
Green labels
Blauwe Engel (Germany): no NTA
Umweltzeichen (Austria): no NTA
Euroflower (EU): no NTA 9

7. Restrictions in EU on EDTA in detergents
UK: voluntary agreement not to use EDTA in household detergents
France: voluntary agreement (1990) to reduce use in textile detergents
Sweden: near elimination from household detergents (early 1990s)
Swiss: labeling for detergents >0.2%
Germany: voluntary agreement (1991) to significantly reduce EDTA levels in the environment.
Germany and Austria: wastewater laws prohibit use of EDTA in wastewater of most industries
Swiss: max concentration EDTA fixed (<0.5 for textile, <1% for cleaners) and no EDTA for cleaning governmental/public buildings
EU: detergent regulation (2004) enforces labeling when >0.2% EDTA
(will also control I&I detergents)
Green labels
Blauwe Engel (Germany): no EDTA
Umweltzeichen (Austria): no EDTA
Euroflower (EU): no EDTA 10

8. Expectation for future use of NTA & EDTA in detergents
The application of these traditional chelates will be
increasingly difficult
Due to existing legislation
Due to future legislation / taxes
Due to further voluntary agreements
Due to environmentalism of society / consumers
Due to the more ‘green’ image that detergent producers intend
Due to good substitutes 11

9. Further discussions leading to more changes in detergents
On eutrophication
In some countries phosphates are banned from laundry detergents
Now discussion on encouraging the detergents industry to develop Phosphate free ADW detergents (ban in Washington state, US as of 2008)
On environmental safety: advice scientific committee of EU
Risks identified in EU
Phosphonates (not readily biodegradable, aqua tox of HEDP)
EDTA (not readily biodegradable)
NTA (carcinogen)
Polycarboxylates PAA (not readily biodegradable)
All ingredients in detergents have to demonstrate to present:
- no risk to people or the environment - 12

10. A lot of the detergents in EU still needs to be de-phosphated
Changes in detergent formulations will create opportunities for new chelates
A lot of the detergents in EU still needs to be de-phosphated
Traditional sequestering products are disputed
The EU detergent regulation (2004) also dictates labeling for NTA, EDTA, Phosphates and Phosphonates at > 0.2%
Clear opportunity for new readily biodegradable
aminocarboxylates in household and I&I market 13

11. Readily Biodegradable chelating agents AKZO NOBEL
Alternative for EDTA & NTA & Phosphates &
Phosphonates in areas where these products
need to be replaced:
Dissolvine® GL-38 (GLDA)
Dissolvine® EDG - 40 (HEIDA) 14

12. Some interesting properties of Dissolvine® GL
High solubility over wide pH range
Very good calcium sequestration at high pH
Good sequestering power over wide pH range
Largely made from sustainable raw materials
Suitable for Eco-labeling
Biodegradability
Good ecotox properties
High alkaline and acid stability
Good biocide boosting power
High Temperature stability
In liquid (GL-38) and solid (GL-PD) form, pH on request 18

13. Solubility of GLDA at high & at low pH
Conclusion: GLDA has excellent solubility ! 19

14. Solubility of GLDA in caustic
GLDA has excellent
Solubility in caustic ! 20

15. Some interesting properties of Dissolvine® GL
High solubility over wide pH range
Very good calcium sequestration at high pH &
Good sequestering power over wide pH range
Largely made from sustainable raw materials
Suitable for Eco-labeling
Biodegradability
Good ecotox properties
High alkaline and acid stability
Good biocide boosting power
High Temperature stability
In liquid (GL-38) and solid (GL-PD) form, pH on request 21

16. Calcium Chelating value in functional test!
Very High
High
GLDA
Intermediate
Conclusion: Ca binding efficiency even higher than expected
HNB is Hydroxy naphtol blue indicator with CaAc as titrant.
Low 23

17. Chelating power / active pH range: Superior Ca and Mg control24

18. Some interesting properties of Dissolvine® GL
High solubility over wide pH range
Very good calcium sequestration at high pH &
Good sequestering power over wide pH range
Largely made from sustainable raw materials
Suitable for Eco-labeling
Biodegradability
Good ecotox properties
High alkaline and acid stability
Good biocide boosting power
High Temperature stability
In liquid (GL-38) and solid (GL-PD) form, pH on request 25

19. Green nature of Dissolvine® GL
According to the Bra Miljöval protocol of the Swedish society for Nature Conservation GLDA is 86% based on natural, replaceable and sustainable raw materials
GLDA
designed for
eco-effectiveness 26

20. Some interesting properties of Dissolvine® GL
High solubility over wide pH range
Very good calcium sequestration at high pH &
Good sequestering power over wide pH range
Largely made from sustainable raw materials
Suitable for Eco-labeling
Biodegradability
Good ecotox properties
High alkaline and acid stability
Good biocide boosting power
High Temperature stability
In liquid (GL-38) and solid (GL-PD) form, pH on request 27

21. Biodegradation of Dissolvine® GL
Dissolvine GL = L-GLDA
L= Readily biodegradable
in Closed bottle test
(OECD 301D)
100% degradation in Ultimate biodegradability test L D 28

22. Eco-toxicity Dissolvine® GL
Low aquatic toxicity
Rainbow trout LC50 (96h) > 100 mg/l
Daphnia Magna EC50 (48h) > 100 mg/l
Green algae EC50 (72h) > 100 mg/l
Conclusion: GLDA safe for the environment 29

23. Toxicity Dissolvine® GL
Low acute oral toxicity LD50 Oral (Rat): > 2000mg/kg
Not irritating to skin or eyes
Not a skin sensitizer (Guinea Pig)
Not Mutagenic for bacteria
Not Mutagenic for cells
Not genotoxic to micronucleus (mice)
Conclusion: GLDA has no apparent safety issues 30

24. Some interesting properties of Dissolvine® GL
High solubility over wide pH range
Very good calcium sequestration at high pH &
Good sequestering power over wide pH range
Largely made from sustainable raw materials
Suitable for Eco-labeling
Biodegradability
Good ecotox properties
High alkaline and acid stability
Good biocide boosting power
High Temperature stability
In liquid (GL-38) and solid (GL-PD form, pH on request 31

25. Readily biodegradable biocide formulation
A positive effect of Dissolvine GL on biocide performance, particularly with Gram –ve bacteria has been shown.
Formulation.
Arquad MCB %
Dissolvine GL %
Berol %
Water %
Dissolvine GL-38 is a good alternative for EDTA.
GLDA more effective
than EDTA and
also more than NTA 32

26. Some interesting properties of Dissolvine® GL
High solubility over wide pH range
Very good calcium sequestration at high pH &
Good sequestering power over wide pH range
Largely made from sustainable raw materials
Suitable for Eco-labeling
Biodegradability
Good ecotox properties
High alkaline and acid stability
Good biocide boosting power
In liquid (GL-38) and solid (GL-PD) form, pH on request
High Temperature stability (> 300C no significant decomp) 33

27. Dissolvine® GL-PD product characteristics
White colored solid
Free flowing granular product
High concentration formulations
Same chemical functionality as the liquid product
Warning: Hygroscopic (readily adsorbs water) 34

28. Dissolvine® GL-PD Particle size distribution & bulk density
2.5
Particle Distribution (%)
Particle size
(nm) 10 68 50
142 90
240
Particle Size Distribution
2.0
1.5
frequency q3*(x) / [0,1]
1.0
0.5
0.10
0.5 1 5 10 50
100
500
1000
particle size / µm
Bulk Density:
Poured: 566 kg/m3
Tapped: 695 kg/m3
Excellent flowability 35

29. Dissolvine® GL-PD Hygroscopic property measurements
Dry Storage conditions required 36

30. Some interesting properties of Dissolvine® GL
High solubility over wide pH range
Very good calcium sequestration at high pH &
Good sequestering power over wide pH range
Largely made from sustainable raw materials
Suitable for Eco-labeling
Biodegradability
Good ecotox properties
High alkaline and acid stability
Good biocide boosting power
In liquid (GL-38) and solid (GL-PD) form, pH on request
High Temperature stability (> 300C no significant decomp) 37

31. Thermal stability (TGA / TSC results)
Ca. 9% water
Temp 100% water free product: 236°C
Temp 0.5% mass loss: 280°C
Temp 1% mass loss: 294°C
Decomposition > 325 °C
Conclusion:
Product is thermally stable
Even more stable when chelated to Ca and Mg ions. 38

32. Stain removal in machine dishwashing test performed Rhone Poulenc
Lab test with recipe containing 8 % NAOH and 40% builder
GLDA superior to Phosphates and citrates on weight basis
GLDA equal to NTA on molar basis 39

33. Dissolvine® GL in industrial cleaning (1)
Dairy cleaning
High alkaline stable formulations
Calcium phosphate removal at high pH
High temperature stable cleaning ( > 80 °C)
Modified natural amino acid
Cleaning in place (acid cleaning)
High water solubility at low pH (1 – 2)
Controlling effect of water hardness
Breweries
Calcium scale removal
Bottle washing
Mechanical Dish Washing
Excellent caustic solvability
good stain removal 40

34. Dissolvine® GL Industrial cleaning (2)
Truck cleaning
High concentration / High alkaline formulations
Soil removal is improved
Less issue around water discharge from units
Water treatment
Softens water
Reduces scale formation in water boilers
High temperature stability is an advantage over EDTA / organophosphonates
Metal surface cleaning
Alkaline formulations
Oil production unit cleaners
Care: Removal of aluminium at very high pH (no effect at neutral pH). 41

35. Dissolvine® GL Household Cleaning applications
Shower cleaning products
Preventing scale formation
Used in combination with surfactants (wetting agents)
Dishwashing applications
Good calcium sequesterant at high pH
Good builder in phosphate free formulations
Prevents scale forming on surfaces
Good stain remover (e.g. tea)
Improves detergency effect of surfactants
Detergents
Stabilizes percarbonate in detergent formulations
Forms stable complexes with transition metal ions 42

36. Dissolvine® GL Personal care applications
Soaps
Reduces bad odors (Rancidity)
Improves color stability
Lowers amount of precipitation
Cosmetics
Improves shelf life of creams
Easily blends with surfactants and oils
INCI name listed
Tetra sodium glutamate diacetate 43

37. Dissolvine® GL -Have a Greener Life-44

38. Detergent formulations with GLDA
Machine dishwashing (liquid, dilute up to 300x in use)
NaOH %
Dissolvine® GL %
Water up to %
Machine dishwashing
improved formulation (liquid, dilute up to 300x in use)
NaOH 10%
Dissolvine® GL-38 40%
Surfactants 8% 49

39. Detergent formulations with GLDA
Machine dishwashing (solid use 3-5 g/l)
Sodiumsilicate 50%
Dissolvine® GL-PD 35%
Percarbonate %
Surfactants 5%
Enzymes 2%
Traffic film remover (dilute up to 100x in use)
NaOH %
Dissolvine® GL %
Sodium metasilicate 5%
Surfactants 7%
Water up to % 50

40. Detergent formulations with GLDA
Bottle washing (low foam, dilute up to 40x in use)
NaOH 20%
Dissolvine® GL-PD 9%
Surfactants 8%
Water up to %
Foam cleaner (biocidal, dilute up to 50x in use)
Amphionic SFB %
Aromox MCD-W 10%
Dissolvine® GL %
Sodium metasilicate 10%
NaOH 1% 51

41. -Embracing Sustainability-
Dissolvine® GL
-Embracing Sustainability- 61