1. Southern and Eastern Asia Today
Unit 5

2. WORLD RELIGIONS and Ethnic Groups
Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Shinto, Confucianism

3. GPS
GPS: SS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia.
A. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group.
B. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in Southern and Eastern Asia: Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Shintoism, and the philosophy of Confucianism.
C. Evaluate how the literacy rate affects the standard of living.

4. E.Q.
How do the cultures of Southern and Eastern Asia differ?

5. Ethnic Group
Shares cultural ideas and beliefs that have been a part of their community for generations.
May include:
Language
Religion, history
Types of foods
Set of traditional stories, beliefs, or celebrations

6. Religious Group
Shares a belief system in a god or gods, with a specific set of rituals and literature.
People from different ethnic groups may share the same religion, though they may be from very different cultures.

7. Which describes an ethnic group?
A. people that like to grow food
B. people that like to read books
C. people who share the same religious beliefs
D. people with a shared language, religion, or culture

8. Which describes a religious group?
A. people that like to grow food
B. people that like to read books
C. people who share the same religious beliefs
D. people with a shared language, religion, or culture

9. Religion in South Korea
What % of the people in South Korea are Buddhists?
1.3%
23.2%
26.3%
49.3%

10. Vocabulary
Reincarnation: when a person dies, his soul enters the body of another being
Polytheism: belief in many gods
Monotheism: belief in one god
Atheism: belief in no god
Karma: your actions determine your fate
Caste system: belief that social class is inherited and does not change throughout a person’s life
Nirvana: state of perfect peace
Kami: divine spirits who live in nature

11. Buddhism began in India about 520 B.C. 4th largest religion
Found everywhere but mostly in SE Asia
Founder: rich young man, Siddharta Gautama, who was upset by the poverty & suffering around him
After many years of thinking about it, he decided people could find peace if they rejected greed and desire.
Called Buddha (The Enlightened One) by his followers
Unselfishness is the key to everything

12. Buddhist Beliefs
Atheistic: belief in no god – man alone can change evil into good
Reincarnation
Karma
4 Noble Truths
Middle Way
Nirvana

13. 4 Noble Truths Middle Way (8 Fold Path)
Life brings pain
Suffering & sorrow are usually caused by greed and desire for material things
Nirvana is reached by giving up greedy desires
Follow the Middle Way to achieve Nirvana
Try to recognize the truth
Try to avoid evil actions & bad people
Do not say things that hurt others
Respect other people & their belongings
Choose a job that does no harm to others
Do not think evil thoughts
Avoid excitement or anger
Work at meditation

14. Hinduism 1 of oldest religions in the world
Began in India; main religion there
3rd largest religion in the world
4 holy books are called Vedas

15. Hindu Beliefs
Polytheistic: worship many gods who are all part of the supreme being, Brahman
Cows are sacred.
All living beings have souls
Reincarnation
If a person was good, the next life is better; if he was bad, the next life is worse.
The soul is reincarnated until the life it lives is good enough to be united with Brahman.
Karma

16. Hinduism: Beliefs
Reincarnation
the soul does not die with the body but enters the body of another being
The type of life a person leads determines what next life will be like.
The soul is reincarnated over and over till the life it lives is good enough for it to be united with Brahman.

17. Caste System
Belief that social class is inherited and does not change throughout a person’s life.
Each caste had its own specific place in society.  They socialized, ate, married, worked, and worshipped within their own caste.  They would NEVER consider marrying or working outside their caste.
The only way to move to a higher caste is to be reincarnated into one.

18. Caste System Continued
There are four main castes:
Brahmans – priests & wise men
Kshtriyas – warriors, rulers
Vaisyas – merchants, traders, and small farmers
Sudras – peasants, field workers
Dalit – untouchables, who do the work no one else will do

19. Islam Began in Arabian Peninsula in 7th century AD (600s)
Founder: Muhammad
Monotheistic
2nd largest religion in the world
Holy Book: Quran
Spread to India in 1500s AD with Muslim armies who established the Mogul Empire.
Ruled India for almost 200 years
Muslim conquerors treated Hindus as conquered people and introduced them to Islam

20. Islamic Beliefs Do not accept the caste system
Few People Cheer For Pizza THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM ‘IMAN’ or FAITH ‘SALAT’ or PRAYER ‘ZAKAT’ or CHARITY ‘SAIJ’ or FASTING ‘HAJJ’ or PILGRIMAGE
Islamic Beliefs
Do not accept the caste system
Do not believe cows are sacred
Few eat pork
5 PILLARS OF ISLAM
Profess faith: there is only 1 god, Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger
Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
Give charity (alms) to the poor
Fast during the holy month of Ramadan
Make a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca at least once in your life

21. Shintoism Earliest religion in Japan Means “way of the gods”
Once was state religion, but not now
Still widely honored among the Japanese

22. Shinto Beliefs 神
Kami are believed to live in beautiful places, animals, and as people’s ancestors
The beautiful places (special mountains and rivers) are sacred
Cleanliness is a virtue
No strong belief in life after death
Nature worship – Japanese create small beautiful peaceful gardens
Followers offer prayers to kami at small altars for blessings and protection

24. Confucianism Began in China about 550 BC
Founder: Confucius – important Chinese scholar & teacher
Not a religion - a system based on good deeds and morality
The Chinese emperor hired Confucian scholars in 121 BC to help organize his government.
Confucianism influenced Chinese government for almost 2000 years.

25. Confucian Beliefs
Key to peace and order is for people to behave with good character and virtue
What you do not like when done to yourself, do not unto others: Golden Rule of Behavior
5 Basic Relationships
Ruler and subject
Father and son
Husband and wife
Older brother and younger brother
Friend and friend
If each relationship is based on kindness, there will be peace and harmony in the country.

26. South Korea
Ethnic Groups: homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
Religions: Christian 26.3%, Buddhist 23.2%, other or unknown 1.3%, none 49.3%

27. North Korea
Ethnic Groups: almost all Korean; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese
Religions: traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and Religion of the Heavenly Way

28. China
Ethnic Groups: Han Chinese 91.5%, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uighur, Tujia, Yi, Mongol, Tibetan, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Korean, and other nationalities 8.5%
Religions: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2% (officially atheist)

29. India
Ethnic Groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3%
Religions: Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1%

30. Indonesia
Ethnic Groups: Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or unspecified 29.9%
Religions: Muslim 86.1%, Christian 8.7%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4%

31. Japan
Ethnic Groups: Japanese 98.5%, Koreans 0.5%, Chinese 0.4%, other 0.6%
Religions: Shintoism 83.9%, Buddhism 71.4%, Christianity 2%, other 7.8%
note: total adherents exceeds 100% because many people belong to both Shintoism and Buddhism

32. Vietnam
Ethnic Groups: Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1%
Religions: Buddhist 9.3%, Christian 7.2%, Hoa Hao 1.5%, Cao Dai 1.1%, Muslim 0.1%, none 80.8%

33. Literacy and Standard of Living
Literacy affects the standard of living.
Lack of education limits job choices.
Many countries only make education available to people who can pay for it.
GDP (gross domestic product)is 1 way to measure the standard of living.

34. Contrasts
Higher rates of literacy are usually found in wealthier countries.
Some SE Asian countries have weak economies but very high literacy rates.
China and North Korea have strong state-run systems that require attendance through a certain age.
China has some of the richest and poorest people in Eastern Asia.

35. CRCT Test Prep pages
430. Which of these religions is considered one of the oldest in the world?
Islam
Shintoism
Hinduism
Confucianism
C. Hinduism

36. CRCT Test Prep pages
431. What is the name of the Hindu sacred text?
Vedas
Quran
Middle Way
Four Noble Truths
A. Vedas

37. CRCT Test Prep pages
432. What is the Hindu belief in reincarnation?
The belief that there is only one god
The worship of the cow as a sacred animal
The belief that men should treat each other with kindness
The belief that a soul returns to life in another body after death
D. The belief that a soul returns to life in another body after death

38. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 433. What is the Hindu belief in Karma?
That one’s actions determine one’s fate
That man should worship only one god
That children should always obey their parents
That a woman should always wear a head scarf when she goes out of the house
A. That one’s actions determine one’s fate

39. CRCT Test Prep pages
434. How long do Hindus believe a soul will be reincarnated?
Reincarnation happens only once to each soul.
A soul is reincarnated forever and there is no end.
A soul is reincarnated for as long as it chooses to be.
It will be reincarnated until the soul lives a life good enough to be united with Brahman.
D. It will be reincarnated until the soul lives a life good enough to be united with Brahman.

40. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 435. What is the caste system?
The name of the Hindu priesthood
The belief that social class is hereditary (inherited)
The voting system used in the Southeastern elections
The name of the way labor in India is divided between men and women
B. The belief that social class is hereditary (inherited)

41. CRCT Test Prep pages
436. Where was the religion of Buddhism founded?
India
China
Japan
Vietnam
A. India

42. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 437. Who was the founder of Buddhism?
Jesus
Confucius
Muhammad
Siddharta Gautama
D. Siddharta Gautama

43. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 438. What does “Buddha” mean? Middle Way
Glorified One
Enlightened One
Four Noble Truths
C. Enlightened One

44. CRCT Test Prep pages
439. What do Buddhists believe people need to do to be happy and find peace?
They are to live their lives as vegetarians.
They are to accept the belief in only one god.
They are to give up greed and greedy desires.
They are to live quietly in the caste system.
C. They are to give up greed and greedy desires.

45. CRCT Test Prep pages
440. What Buddhist teaching shows its followers the correct way to live their lives?
The Bible
The Quran
The Five Pillars
The Middle Way
D. The Middle Way

46. CRCT Test Prep pages
441. How did the first Muslims come to Southern and Eastern Asia?
Muslim invaders entered India in the 1500s AD.
The first Muslim armies invaded Japan in the 1400s AD.
The earliest Muslims first came to China as traders in the 1200s AD.
The first Muslims were invited into India because the people there wanted a new government.
A. Muslim invaders entered India in the 1500s AD.

47. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 442. What are the Five Pillars?
Basic beliefs of Islam
Rules of the caste system
Standard form of Muslim architecture
Beliefs that Muslims and Hindus have in common
A. Basic beliefs of Islam

48. CRCT Test Prep pages
443. What is the name of the Muslim holy book?
Bible
Vedas
Quran
Middle Way
C. Quran

49. CRCT Test Prep pages
444. Islam is considered a monotheistic religion because its followers believe in
Many gods
Only one god
Reincarnation
Natural objects
B. Only one god

50. CRCT Test Prep pages
445. In which country was Shintoism founded?
India
China
Japan
Vietnam
C. Japan

51. CRCT Test Prep pages
446. What are the kami that are so important in Shinto belief?
They are religious writings of Shinto priests.
They are the elected leaders of the Shinto communities.
The people who convert to Shintoism are referred to as kami.
They are spirits that followers of Shinto believe exist in all things around them.
D. They are spirits that followers of Shinto believe exist in all things around them.

52. CRCT Test Prep pages
447. How do believers of Shinto practice their religion?
They pray at small altars in their homes.
They attend churches once a week to worship in a group.
They must make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lifetime.
They divide society into castes and work to limit contact between castes.
A. They pray at small altars in their homes.

53. CRCT Test Prep pages
448. In which country was Confucianism founded?
China
India
Japan
North Korea
A. China

54. CRCT Test Prep pages
449. What did Confucius believe were the keys to social order and peace?
Strict caste system
To worship only one god
Ruler who could keep order
Good character and virtue in the people
D. Good character and virtue in the people

55. CRCT Test Prep pages 149-152 450. Which is Confucius’ Golden Rule?
“All men are created equal.”
“Health makes one wealthy and wise.”
“There is no God, but the one true God.”
“What you do not like when done to you, do not to others.”
D. “What you do not like when done to you, do not to others.”

56. CRCT Test Prep pages
451. How did Confucianism come to play an important role in Chinese society?
Confucianism has replaced all other religions in China.
Confucian philosophy had little effect on Chinese society until the 20th century.
Confucius led an army to take over the Chinese government during his lifetime.
A Chinese emperor hired Confucian scholars in 121 BC to help organize his government.
D. A Chinese emperor hired Confucian scholars in 121 BC to help organize his government.

57. CRCT Test Prep pages
452. Why is Confucianism considered a philosophy instead of a religion?
Confucius only believed in one god.
No religion is allowed by the Chinese government today.
Confucius never wrote any of his ideas down for his followers.
His teachings are more about ethics and behavior than about religious ideas.
D. His teachings are more about ethics and behavior than about religious ideas.

58. World Religions

59. Summary Write 2 paragraphs.
In the first paragraph, compare (alike) the 5 major belief systems of Southeast Asia.
In the 2nd paragraph, contrast (different) the 5 maor belief systems of Southeast Asia.
Caution: Be sure to refer to the belief systems by their names – don't’ write “One believes in one god, while another doesn’t believe in any.”